Effects of contemporary orthodontic composites on tooth color following short-term fixed orthodontic treatment: a controlled clinical study

Abstract

IntroductionOrthodontics is a unique science in dentistry since its workspace sets on the external surface of enamel when using fixed appliances for treatment. Orthodontists or patients may encounter unwanted changes on the enamel surface or structure, such as discoloration, white spots, microcracks, fractures, and abrasions during and after fixed orthodontic treatment (FOT) because of, e.g., diet, oral care, bonding materials and techniques, composites, appliances, debonding, and clean-up procedures (1-3). Bonding materials and composites of FOT are the most prominent factors responsible for enamel color alterations (3,4). Enamel discolorations may occur by direct absorption of food colorants and products arising from the corrosion of the orthodontic appliance into resin tags (5,6). The long-term presence of these residues in the enamel tags during fixed treatment makes the color stability of these materials critical for tooth color (7).A great deal of orthodontic research has concentrated on the assessment of the physical and mechanical performances of the adhesive resins. However, comparatively few studies have investigated the effects of bonding materials used in brackets on enamel color (3,5,8-10) and only 2 clinical studies examined the color alterations of teeth associated with FOT (3,4). According to the findings of those studies, visible enamel color changes may occur with fixed appliances, which would be detected in clinical trials (3,4). Although enamel color was changed after orthodontic treatment, the lightcured composite was associated with lower discoloration rates than chemically cured resins (4). According to Karamouzos et al. (4), orthodontists may choose the use of no-mix and light-cured composites, whose effects on enamel color were the same. However, a recent in vitro study about discoloration of these types of orthodontic composites revealed that unsatisfactory color stability was Background/aim: To determine the color alterations of natural teeth associated with different orthodontic composites used in comprehensive short-term treatment.Materials and methods: Twenty-two patients were treated with fixed appliances and 22 untreated subjects were also evaluated. Lower incisors were bonded with different orthodontic composites: 42 with Grengloo, 41 with Light Bond, 31 with Kurasper F, and 32 with Transbond XT. The color parameters of the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) were measured for each tooth with a spectrophotometer. Color assessment in relation to time, adhesive material, and their interaction was made with 2-way mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) and 1-way ANOVA for the color differences (∆E*). Further analyses were done using Tukey's honestly significant difference tests and paired-samples t-tests. Results:The color of teeth was affected by treatment. The mean L* and a* values increased, whereas the mean b* values decreased. Total color differences of teeth demonstrated visible color changes clinically after treatment, ranging from 1.12 to 3.34 ∆E units. However, there w...

In vivo evaluation of tooth colour alterations during orthodontic retention: A split‐mouth cohort study

“…Irrespective of these conflicting conclusions, several reports have emphasized the need for further randomized clinical trials to try to clarify the issue. In vivo studies have previously revealed colour differences following orthodontic treatment, but such colour changes were not always clinically visible …”

“…Relatively few studies have dealt with the evaluation of tooth colour alterations relating to comprehensive orthodontic treatment. These have reported that the CIE* colour parameters of enamel demonstrate significant differences in the period just after the removal of fixed orthodontic appliances . However, it appears that such changes are not consistently clinically discernible …”

Evaluation of color changes observed on the enamel surface after fixed orthodontic treatment with SpectroShade MicroTM

“…Sabit ortodontik tedaviye bağlı mine yüzeyinde gözlenen renk değişimlerinde bonding materyalleri ve tekniği, kompozit adezivler, debonding ve artık adeziv temizleme yöntemleri, hasta diyeti ve oral hijyen alışkanlıklarının etkili olduğu belirtilmektedir. 1,2 Bu faktörlerden ise bonding materyalleri ve kompozit adezivlerin daha önemli olduğu ifade edilmektedir. 1,3 Asitle pürüzlendirme tekniğinin tanıtımından sonra sabit ortodontik ataşmanlar adezivler aracılığıyla doğrudan mine yüzeyine yapıştırılmaktadır.…”

“…1,2 Bu faktörlerden ise bonding materyalleri ve kompozit adezivlerin daha önemli olduğu ifade edilmektedir. 1,3 Asitle pürüzlendirme tekniğinin tanıtımından sonra sabit ortodontik ataşmanlar adezivler aracılığıyla doğrudan mine yüzeyine yapıştırılmaktadır. 4 Kullanılan asit türüne ve konsantrasyonuna, asitleme süresine ve dişler arasındaki farklılıklara bağlı olarak mine yapısındaki rezin tagların penetrasyon derinliklerinin değiştiği belirtilmektedir.…”

“…8 Ağızda belli bir süre kalan kompozit adezivlerin renginin birçok iç ve dış faktör nedeniyle de değiştiği belirtilmektedir. 1,3 Meydana gelen renk değişim miktarında eksik polimerizasyon, ışın cihazı, ışınlama süresi, dolgu maddesi partiküllerinin büyüklüğü ve rezin matriks kompozisyonunun oldukça önemli olduğu bildirilmektedir. 1,3,7 Literatürde sabit ortodontik tedavi sonrasında mine yüzeyinde gözlenen renk değişimlerinin in vivo olarak değerlendirildiği sınırlı sayıda araştırma yer almaktadır.…”