Enabling Validation of IEEE 802.15.4 Performance through a New Dual-Radio Omnet++ Model

Estevez, Francisco J.; Castillo-Secilla, José María; González, Jesús; Glösekötter, Peter

doi:10.5755/j01.eie.22.3.15321

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Regarding the manufacturing of the organic photodetectors, we have used chlorobenzene, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric (PCBM), poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS, 1.3 % water solution). To clean the substrates, we used 1-2-4 trichlorobenzene, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol.…”

Section: B Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improvements of Organic Photodetectors for VLC Using a New Active Layer, Focal Lens, and a Transimpedance Amplifier

Corral

Rodríguez-Mas

Scals

et al. 2022

ELEKTRON ELEKTROTECH

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Beyond 5G networks, and for short distance but high-speed communication systems, there is an incipient growing interest in visible light communications (VLC). Furthermore, it is an interesting alternative within the framework of the Internet of Things (IoT). However, there is a problem on the part of the receiver in these systems, motivated by the non-existence of photovoltaic elements used particularly for this purpose. Because of their simplicity and small investment, organic-type photodetectors have a high capacity for use in VLC systems. With a structure of polymers represented by an organic photodetector fabricated with poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and a bulk heterojunction active layer of phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and commercial LEDs, we show our system in this paper. The main novelty of this work is in reception. With different upgrade using a new active layer or adding a focal lens or inserting a transimpedance amplifier, we have achieved improved performance results related to voltage and distance, with an increase of more than 40 %, and Bit Error Rate (BER) by modifying the active layer concentration with respect to results obtained in a former work. Also, we have tested the use of a transimpedance amplifier to obtain the best results in distances of 12 cm to 20 cm and a focal lens with the same objective of improving the BER in critical environments, where the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is close to zero. To conclude, these modifications show that it is possible to increase the main parameters of our system to be useful in VLC systems.

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Section: B Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, the Internet of Things (IoT) promotes effective economic growth with improved quality of life through interconnected devices [3]- [6]. In this context, it is important to use a system that can handle with a large number of devices that operate simultaneously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvements of Organic Photodetectors for VLC Using a New Active Layer, Focal Lens, and a Transimpedance Amplifier

Corral

Rodríguez-Mas

Scals

et al. 2022

ELEKTRON ELEKTROTECH

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show abstract

“…However, neither AODV, nor RPL, nor DARAL are fully designed to be used under a high-density environment, like Smart Cities or even the IoT. The high spectrum occupancy requires new techniques in order to provide adaptability to the network environment [ 25 , 26 ]. As it was described in [ 27 ], new radio developments are based on multi-radio systems, where a radio senses its electromagnetic environment and can dynamically adjust some of its parameters to improve the communication, which leads to a dynamic environment where the routing process acquires a great complexity.…”

Section: Routing Algorithms and Multi-radio Techniques For Wsnmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this purpose, two statistically independent values have been considered: 1 and 30 s. Finally, it is necessary to mention that this work considers two different propagation models (PM) in order to develop a fair comparison. As it is shown in [ 26 ], the use of a deterministic and a probabilistic propagation model is recommended, so, for this work, the Free Space Model (FS) is selected as a deterministic model and the Log-Normal Shadowing (LNS) as a probabilistic model, resulting in a large comparison. The different scenarios simulated are shown in Table 2 .…”

Section: Simulation Testbedmentioning

confidence: 99%

mDARAL: A Multi-Radio Version for the DARAL Routing Algorithm

Estevez

Castillo-Secilla

González

et al. 2017

Sensors

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Smart Cities are called to change the daily life of human beings. This concept permits improving the efficiency of our cities in several areas such as the use of water, energy consumption, waste treatment, and mobility both for people as well as vehicles throughout the city. This represents an interconnected scenario in which thousands of embedded devices need to work in a collaborative way both for sensing and modifying the environment properly. Under this scenario, the majority of devices will use wireless protocols for communicating among them, representing a challenge for optimizing the use of the electromagnetic spectrum. When the density of deployed nodes increases, the competition for using the physical medium becomes harder and, in consequence, traffic collisions will be higher, affecting data-rates in the communication process. This work presents mDARAL, a multi-radio routing algorithm based on the Dynamic and Adaptive Radio Algorithm (DARAL), which has the capability of isolating groups of nodes into sub-networks. The nodes of each sub-network will communicate among them using a dedicated radio frequency, thus isolating the use of the radio channel to a reduced number of nodes. Each sub-network will have a master node with two physical radios, one for communicating with its neighbours and the other for being the contact point among its group and other sub-networks. The communication among sub-networks is done through master nodes in a dedicated radio frequency. The algorithm works to maximize the overall performance of the network through the distribution of the traffic messages into unoccupied frequencies. The obtained results show that mDARAL achieves great improvement in terms of the number of control messages necessary to connect a node to the network, convergence time and energy consumption during the connection phase compared to DARAL.

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A Systematic Study of IEEE 802.11 DCF Network Optimization From Theory to Testbed

et al. 2020

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In IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLANs), an important technique for medium access control (MAC) is the distributed coordination function (DCF). Two access mechanisms are provided by DCF, the default basic access mechanism and the optional request-to-send/clear-to-send (RTS/CTS) mechanism. The performance of IEEE 802.11 DCF networks has been predicted recently by NS-2 simulator based on a unified analytical model presenting the delay, throughput and stability [1]. NS-3 and OMNeT++ provide an essential platform to model IEEE 802.11 physical (PHY) and MAC layers, nevertheless the accuracy of which is yet not investigated. In this paper we present two studies, first is a comparative simulation study of the unified IEEE 802.11 DCF analytical model [1], by considering distinct network conditions, various topologies, different access modes and discrete system parameters in NS-3 and OMNeT++. A Linux based testbed is setup to validate the mathematical model and the simulation results. The second is the optimization study to adaptively tune the RTS threshold, so that the network operates in an access mode which steers to the maximum network throughput performance. An explicit expression of RTS threshold, verified by the simulations in NS-3 and OMNeT++, is obtained in contrast to previous studies based on channel estimation and numerical calculations. Performance evaluation is done by comparing the simulation, testbed and theoretical results. This study not only proves the credibility of the theoretical model of IEEE 802.11 DCF, but also assures that the results obtained from NS-3 and OMNeT++ are persuasive and provides a foundation for RTS threshold analysis in IEEE 802.11 WLANs for practical network design considerations.

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Enabling Validation of IEEE 802.15.4 Performance through a New Dual-Radio Omnet++ Model

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Improvements of Organic Photodetectors for VLC Using a New Active Layer, Focal Lens, and a Transimpedance Amplifier

Improvements of Organic Photodetectors for VLC Using a New Active Layer, Focal Lens, and a Transimpedance Amplifier

mDARAL: A Multi-Radio Version for the DARAL Routing Algorithm

A Systematic Study of IEEE 802.11 DCF Network Optimization From Theory to Testbed

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