“…This is because MSP has the potential to balance the competing interests of marine resource users while ensuring biodiversity management [11], [44]. In other words, MSP is core to the attainment of sustainability goals related to social equity, e.g., via the preservation of vulnerable cultural resources, especially for indigenous peoples, e.g., in Tasmania [10], [43] and citizens science [42] or citizen engagement [46]; biodiversity conservation and management, e.g., for migratory species in the ABNJ [25]; participatory sheries governance, e.g., of octopus in Indonesia [47], [48]; and harnessing of the economic potential of the BE, e.g., related to inclusivity in marine resource harvesting and access among indigenous communities via the development of robust inclusion initiatives, e.g., the Indigenous peoples-centered Social License to Operate (SLO) approach in Australia and Canada, which aligns with indigenous values, ancestral rights, and interests [48], [49]. A study by Axon and Collier [29] clearly underscores the need for MSP by arguing that the tool ensures that marine resources and activities are managed equitably, transparently, and participatory, taking into consideration all stakeholders' perspectives and needs, including coastal peoples, indigenous groups, and other relevant sectors.…”