Abstract:In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the blue economy and its economic and environmental benefits. Renewable energies are an alternative to fossil fuels and can contribute to reducing the carbon footprint of maritime sectors and of the general economy. This article aims to analyze the scientific production in the Web of Science (WoS) database and to propose some measures for future actions. The results indicate new trends in scientific articles related to climate change, aquaculture, blue gro… Show more
“…A high steam concentration promotes pyrolysis towards the generation of more H 2 and CO 2 [23]: CO + H 2 O → CO 2 + H 2 . In [2], a more humid fraction gave a higher quality gas Appl. Sci.…”
Section: Materials Experimental Setup and Proceduresmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A hig concentration promotes pyrolysis towards the generation of more H2 and CO2 [2 H2O → CO2 + H2. In [2], a more humid fraction gave a higher quality gas product of the yield of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. However, many studies on stea cation (for example, [24,25]) indicate that an excess amount of water vapor can w reactions, lower the temperature, and, as a result, worsen the composition of the s gas.…”
Section: Materials Experimental Setup and Proceduresmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Renewable energy sources are of increased interest due to the high global demand for energy, unstable prices for fossil fuels, and significant climate change [1,2]. The consumption of fossil fuels has dramatically changed the balance of the carbon cycle and exacerbated pollution.…”
Biomass is a promising resource for the production of renewable energy, liquid fuels, and chemicals. Microwave pyrolysis is one of the directions of multifunctional conversion of raw materials. In the present work, the effect of microwave power on the characteristics of sawdust pyrolysis is studied. With an increase in power, the maximum yield of combustible gases increased, and a large proportion of the total pyrolysis time included the useful time for the release of gases. An increase in power affected the yield of individual gases non-linearly and on a different scale. The average yield of CO and CO2 remained practically unchanged when the microwave power was increased from 840 to 1760 W. However, with a further increase in power to 2200 W, there was a significant increase in the average yield of CO and CO2 (2.5 and 1.4 times, respectively). An increase in power by 2.6 times contributed to an increase in the average yield of CH4 by 5 times and H2 by 3.8 times. The increased power of microwaves contributed to the degassing of wood and intensification of secondary pyrolysis reactions, which resulted in a decrease in the mass of the solid residue by 5.3 times and a decrease in the liquid product yield by 2.7 times. A comprehensive analysis using MCDA showed that an increase in energy costs with an increase in microwave power is integrally compensated by an improvement in pyrolysis performance. So, when the power was varied from 840 W to 2200 W, the pyrolysis efficiency indicator increased by 1.3–2.2 times, considering the growth in energy consumption.
“…A high steam concentration promotes pyrolysis towards the generation of more H 2 and CO 2 [23]: CO + H 2 O → CO 2 + H 2 . In [2], a more humid fraction gave a higher quality gas Appl. Sci.…”
Section: Materials Experimental Setup and Proceduresmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A hig concentration promotes pyrolysis towards the generation of more H2 and CO2 [2 H2O → CO2 + H2. In [2], a more humid fraction gave a higher quality gas product of the yield of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. However, many studies on stea cation (for example, [24,25]) indicate that an excess amount of water vapor can w reactions, lower the temperature, and, as a result, worsen the composition of the s gas.…”
Section: Materials Experimental Setup and Proceduresmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Renewable energy sources are of increased interest due to the high global demand for energy, unstable prices for fossil fuels, and significant climate change [1,2]. The consumption of fossil fuels has dramatically changed the balance of the carbon cycle and exacerbated pollution.…”
Biomass is a promising resource for the production of renewable energy, liquid fuels, and chemicals. Microwave pyrolysis is one of the directions of multifunctional conversion of raw materials. In the present work, the effect of microwave power on the characteristics of sawdust pyrolysis is studied. With an increase in power, the maximum yield of combustible gases increased, and a large proportion of the total pyrolysis time included the useful time for the release of gases. An increase in power affected the yield of individual gases non-linearly and on a different scale. The average yield of CO and CO2 remained practically unchanged when the microwave power was increased from 840 to 1760 W. However, with a further increase in power to 2200 W, there was a significant increase in the average yield of CO and CO2 (2.5 and 1.4 times, respectively). An increase in power by 2.6 times contributed to an increase in the average yield of CH4 by 5 times and H2 by 3.8 times. The increased power of microwaves contributed to the degassing of wood and intensification of secondary pyrolysis reactions, which resulted in a decrease in the mass of the solid residue by 5.3 times and a decrease in the liquid product yield by 2.7 times. A comprehensive analysis using MCDA showed that an increase in energy costs with an increase in microwave power is integrally compensated by an improvement in pyrolysis performance. So, when the power was varied from 840 W to 2200 W, the pyrolysis efficiency indicator increased by 1.3–2.2 times, considering the growth in energy consumption.
Ever since the Blue economy concept emerged, there were speculations on its potentials to diversify Nigeria’s economy and be used as alternative source of revenue. This paper qualitatively and descriptively examined the prospect and challenges of the concept through reviews and practices by nations that have ventured into it. It identified the areas of opportunities and strength by interviewing selected community members across selected coaster states in Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted to select Apapa in Lagos, Okerenkoko in Delta, Oron in Akwa Ibom, Agge in Bayelsa and Bonny in Rivers State. Secondary data was also used to determine the correlation between revenue from the maritime industry and Gross Domestic Product of Nigeria. It can be observed that, Nigeria stands to benefit a lot from Blue economy concept from hydro- electricity, pharmaceutical, exportation, tourism, e.t.c. However, it may be a dead end investment if care is not taken to properly weigh it opportunities, cost and financial requirements. Arrays of factors must be put into consideration before embarking on it like security, fund, bunkering, smuggling and Foreign Direct Investment. Ocean and maritime resources should be explored without degradation to marine ecosystem.
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