Emulsion-templated, macroporous hydrogels for enhancing water efficiency in fighting fires

Zhang, Tao; Xu, Zhiguang; Gui, Haoguan; Guo, Qipeng

doi:10.1039/c7ta02319g

Cited by 45 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…After ten cycles' use, the porous structure and surface composition of HO‐35 were well preserved (Figure S5a, Supporting Information). No significant change in the interconnected porous structure was observed, and this is similar to the previous observation from hydrogel polyHIPEs . The surface composition revealed by EDS showed that all the elements were presented and the elemental contents kept almost unchanged (Figure S5b, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 88%

Interface‐Initiated Polymerization Enables One‐Pot Synthesis of Hydrophilic and Oleophobic Foams through Emulsion Templating

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2019

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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fluorosurfactant-based complexes [4] have been developed. Further, applying these coatings to porous materials can afford water-absorbing materials with selectivity over oils, though there are only few examples to date. [1d,e] But the method used to prepare such materials has been limited to the surface coating of raw porous materials, which faces problems such as pore clogging and uneven coating on inner surfaces. Owing to the lack of covalent bonding with substrate, the low durability of the coating is also a great issue. A onepot approach that combines the synthesis of porous materials and the surface modification, and at the same time can establish covalent bonding at the interface so as to improve the reusability of the materials, is yet to be reported. Emulsion templating is an important method to fabricate porous materials with tunable pore structure and porosity. [5] Emulsion-templated porous materials are usually synthesized within the continuous external phase of high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs), [6] which are emulsions containing 74% or more dispersed internal phase by volume. Such porous materials are commonly known as polyHIPEs. In comparison to other foams, polyHIPEs are advantageous and they exhibited controllable external shapes (monoliths, fibers, membranes, beads, and complex structures), tunable morphologies (opencell structure and closed-cell structure), and desirable properties. [7] The wettability of polyHIPEs depends on the polarity of monomers used for polymerization in the continuous phase of HIPEs. From water-in-oil (w/o) HIPEs, hydrophobic poly-HIPEs can be prepared for removing oil from water, while oil-in-water (o/w) HIPEs are usually used for preparing hydrophilic polyHIPEs with extremely high water uptake. [8] Furthermore, polyHIPEs from HIPEs containing monomers in both phases have also been reported, to enhance the hydrophilicity of hydrophobic polyHIPEs or to enhance the hydrophobicity of hydrophilic polyHIPEs. [9] In addition, we have prepared hydrophilic and oleophobic polyHIPEs in two steps, consisting of hydrophilic polyHIPE preparation and subsequent graft polymerization to provide oleophobicity. [10] Herein, we report a one-pot synthesis of hydrophilic and oleophobic polyHIPEs from o/w HIPEs realized by the coincident bulk polymerization of hydrophilic monomers in aqueous phase and interface-initiated polymerization of oleophobic monomers in dispersed phase. The polyHIPEs are foam-like Unlike oil-absorbing hydrophobic and oleophilic materials, porous materials that simultaneously display hydrophilicity and oleophobicity in air are rare, but they are unique in selectively removing water from bulk oil. Preparation of such porous materials is limited to the surface coating of raw porous materials, which faces problems such as pore clogging and uneven coating on inner surfaces. Herein, a one-pot approach to fabricating hydrophilic and oleophobic foams from oil-in-water high internal phase emulsions through a facile interface-initiated polymerization strategy is reporte...

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 88%

Interface‐Initiated Polymerization Enables One‐Pot Synthesis of Hydrophilic and Oleophobic Foams through Emulsion Templating

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2019

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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“…The masses of the PM‐ X ‐ Y (except PM‐80‐50) were obviously higher than the corresponding total masses of mannitol and polyHDI. P‐123 was reactive in step‐growth polymerization through the reaction between hydroxyl groups of P‐123 and isocyanate groups of polyHDI, although it is usually inert during free‐radical polymerization for PH synthesis and can be removed through extraction . Once P‐123 is covalently incorporated into the macromolecular structures of the PM‐ X ‐ Y , it is unlikely to be removed through extraction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…P-123 was reactive in step-growth polymerization through the reaction between hydroxyl groups of P-123 and isocyanate groups of polyHDI, although it is usually inert during free-radical polymerization for PH synthesis and can be removed through extraction. 13,34 Once P-123 is covalently incorporated into the macromolecular structures of the PM-X-Y, it is unlikely to be removed through extraction. To reflect the P-123, the yields of the PM-X-Y were calculated based on the total masses of mannitol, polyHDI, as well as P-123, and the yields were still quite high, ranging from 90% to 94% ( Table 2), indicating that most P-123 was covalently incorporated into the PM-X-Y.…”

Section: Yield Density and Macroporous Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PolyHIPEs (PHs) are macroporous polymers synthesized within the continuous phase of high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs), emulsions consisting of over 74% dispersed phase by volume. PHs have drawn considerable attention, due to their potential applications in controlled release, encapsulation, catalyst support, absorption, adsorption, tissue engineering, and water‐efficiency enhancer in fighting fires . For these applications, amphiphilicity is an integral component.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PHs have drawn considerable attention, due to their potential applications in controlled release, 3 encapsulation, 2,4 catalyst support, 5,6 absorption, 7,8 adsorption, 9,10 tissue engineering, 11,12 and water-efficiency enhancer in fighting fires. 13 For these applications, amphiphilicity is an integral component. Most PHs are amorphous, crosslinked, macroporous polymers synthesized within surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil (w/o) or oil-in-water (o/w) HIPEs through free-radical polymerization.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrophobic polyurethane polyHIPEs templated from mannitol within nonaqueous high internal phase emulsions for oil spill recovery

Zhang

Gui

et al. 2019

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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Although amphiphilicity is an integral component for the applications of polyHIPEs (PHs), it is challenging to produce hydrophobic PHs from hydrophilic monomers. Herein, hydrophobic polyurethane (PU) PHs have been fabricated from a water-soluble mannitol within block copolymer surfactant-stabilized, nonaqueous high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs). These highly porous, interconnected, macroporous PU PHs were hydrophobic with water contact angles between 102 and 140 , demonstrating that watersoluble monomers could be used for fabrication of hydrophobic PHs. The block copolymer surfactant acted not only as the HIPE stabilizer, but also as a monomer, enhancing hydrophobicity and overcoming some drawbacks imposed by conventional inert stabilizers. The solvents used for PU PH synthesis and purification were easily recovered and reused, showing that nonaqueous HIPE templating for PU PH preparation is an efficient and facile route. The PU PHs were investigated for oil spill reclamation and they were demonstrated to be an ideal candidate for such an application.Additional supporting information may be found in the online version of this article.

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Hydrogels containing modified ammonium polyphosphate for fireproof materials

Chen

Zheng

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Hydrogels containing a large amount of water have been widely studied as fireproof materials. However, the organic networks that composed the gel easily burns as water evaporates. In this work, the widely used intumescent flame‐retardant ammonium polyphosphate was modified by carbon–carbon double bonds (abbreviated as MAPP) and introduced in alginate/poly (acrylamide‐co‐stearyl methacrylate) [alginate/P(AAm‐co‐SMA)] hydrogel by free radical polymerization. The resultant MAPP@alginate/P(AAm‐co‐SMA) hydrogels show good mechanical strength of 650 kPa and healing efficiency of 80%. Thermal analysis and thermal protective performance tests indicate that the MAPP particles improve the thermal stability and heat resistance of gel. The fireproof test shows that the MAPP@alginate/P(AAm‐co‐SMA) gel composite shows twice of fire proof time over the pure hydrogels.

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Emulsion-templated, macroporous hydrogels for enhancing water efficiency in fighting fires

Abstract: High internal phase emulsion templated, interconnected macroporous hydrogels with rapid absorption, high and tunable water uptakes were fabricated for enhancing water efficiency in extinguishing fires and preventing combustible objects from burning.

Cited by 45 publications

References 19 publications

Interface‐Initiated Polymerization Enables One‐Pot Synthesis of Hydrophilic and Oleophobic Foams through Emulsion Templating

Interface‐Initiated Polymerization Enables One‐Pot Synthesis of Hydrophilic and Oleophobic Foams through Emulsion Templating

Hydrophobic polyurethane polyHIPEs templated from mannitol within nonaqueous high internal phase emulsions for oil spill recovery

Hydrogels containing modified ammonium polyphosphate for fireproof materials

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