Empowering the United Nations

O Olimpismo: As Bases de um Pensamento Universal

“…No Comité Olímpico Internacional, as Nações Unidas têm um aliado precioso na sua acção ao serviço da paz e da aproximação dos povos." (Boutros-Ghali, 1995) O Olimpismo aplica o conceito de igualdade a todos os atletas particpantes na medida em que todos eles são considerados iguais sob as regras dos diferentes desportos. Embora havendo diferentes constituições nos diferentes países, o desporto é uma actividade que segue regras universais, o que demonstra uma certa igualdade no mundo.…”

A New Role Emerging for the United Nations: an Era of Supralateralism Unfolds While the Remarkable Trinity Evolves Into a Diamond

“…The machinery of the United Nations, which had often been rendered inoperative by the dynamics of the Cold War, is suddenly at the center of international efforts to deal with unresolved problems of the past decades as well as an emerging array of present and future issues. (16) …”

Peacekeeping, Peacemaking and Peace-Enforcement: The U.S. Role in the New International Order

“…7 Implicitly, each operation promotes the contrary position that individuals and groups within nation-states have international rights that in some 2 cases (such as atrocities against them) supersede the sovereign right to govern and assert an international right to intervene in such instances, an idea formally proclaimed by U.N. Secretary General Boutros-Ghali under the principle of universal sovereignty: "underlying the rights of the individual and the rights of peoples is a dimension of universal sovereignty that resides in all humanity and provides all peoples with legitimate involvement in issues affecting the world as a whole." 8 This is the underlying concept for U.N. sanctions of efforts in Somalia, as stated in Security Council Resolution 794. The resolution states, in part, that "the magnitude of the human tragedy constitutes a threat to international peace and security."'…”

“…50 Boutros-Ghali himself suggests a parallel between Somalia and ONUC. 51 The fourth difference deals with the obviously different forces one needs to conduct one or the other kind of operation. For peacekeepers, the model is clear and well defined.…”