Employing a Crude Toxin Preparation from Sarocladium oryzae as a Molecular Sieve to Select Sheath Rot-resistant Somaclones of Rice

Hemalatha, R. G.; Jebaraj, S.; Raja, Joseph A. J.; Raguchander, T.; Ramanathan, A.; Samiyappan, R.; Balasubramanian, P.

doi:10.1007/bf03263062

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Resistance to S. oryzae has been identified in tall rice varieties ( Amin, 1976 ). Hemalatha et al (1999) developed a method of screening for resistance against S. oryzae based on a crude toxin preparation and Lakshmanan (1993b) went further by screening for resistance against S. oryzae and one of its vectors, the rice mealy bug. The screening of resistance against S. oryzae that was developed by Amin (1976) does not seem to have been continued.…”

Section: Sarocladium Oryzae: the Major Fungal Rice Sheath Romentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice Sheath Rot: An Emerging Ubiquitous Destructive Disease Complex

et al. 2015

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Around one century ago, a rice disease characterized mainly by rotting of sheaths was reported in Taiwan. The causal agent was identified as Acrocylindrium oryzae, later known as Sarocladium oryzae. Since then it has become clear that various other organisms can cause similar disease symptoms, including Fusarium sp. and fluorescent pseudomonads. These organisms have in common that they produce a range of phytotoxins that induce necrosis in plants. The same agents also cause grain discoloration, chaffiness, and sterility and are all seed-transmitted. Rice sheath rot disease symptoms are found in all rice-growing areas of the world. The disease is now getting momentum and is considered as an important emerging rice production threat. The disease can lead to variable yield losses, which can be as high as 85%. This review aims at improving our understanding of the disease etiology of rice sheath rot and mainly deals with the three most reported rice sheath rot pathogens: S. oryzae, the Fusarium fujikuroi complex, and Pseudomonas fuscovaginae. Causal agents, pathogenicity determinants, interactions among the various pathogens, epidemiology, geographical distribution, and control options will be discussed.

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Section: Sarocladium Oryzae: the Major Fungal Rice Sheath Romentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice Sheath Rot: An Emerging Ubiquitous Destructive Disease Complex

et al. 2015

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“…This partially purified toxin was used in all further studies. SO toxin SO toxin from S. oryzae was purified as described earlier (Hemalatha et al 1999;Samiyappan et al 2003). Richard's broth (Fahmy 1923) was used for culturing the pathogen.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid suppression of defence enzymes and compounds by sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) and sheath rot (Sarocladium oryzae) toxins in rice cell suspension cultures

Kandan

Commare

Nandakumar

et al. 2010

Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection

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To understand the suppression mechanisms against disease resistance in rice, we took advantage of the fact that suspension cultured cells exhibit many of the defence responses that are characteristic of intact tissues. In this study we constitutively measured the Rhizoctonia solani and Sarocladium oryzae toxins, induced and suppressed levels of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, phenols, catalase, b-1,3-glucanase and chitinase in rice suspension cultured cells. The addition of Rhizoctonia solani and Sarocladium oryzae toxins separately in suspension cultured cells shows the suppression of defence enzymes and compounds at 24 h and 48 h respectively except SOD. The rice cultivar IR50 delays the disease suppression effect when compared to the other cultivars viz., Pusa Basmati and Co 43. The PR proteins (namely b-1,3-glucanase and chitinase) activities in rice suspension cultured cells were reduced during 48 h and 72 h after the addition of Rhizoctonia solani toxin, whereas the activities were suppressed only after 72 h when inoculated with Sarocladium oryzae toxin. Selective suppression of these defence enzymes and compounds by Rhizoctonia solani and Sarocladium oryzae toxin shows that toxins play a major role during pathogenesis in rice cells.

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“…Earlier published information in other host pathogen interactions also indicated that the crude toxin preparation cause electrolyte leakage in host cells (Hemalatha et al 1999). Toxin induced leakage of electrolytes from tissues suggests plasma membrane as the site of action of the toxin (Rudolf 1976).…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…RS toxin was extractable in water and not by any hydrophobic organic solvent and caused electrolyte leakage from the rice tissues (Velazhahan 1995). The potential use of crude toxin preparation in in vitro screening for disease resistance in plants (Hemalatha et al 1999) provides circumstantial evidence that the culture fluid may contain phytotoxic principle(s) which could act as a pathogenic factor in planta.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification and partial characterization of a toxin produced byGanoderma lucidum, the coconutGanodermadisease pathogen

Karthikeyan

Bhaskaran²,

Radhika

et al. 2008

Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection

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An extracellular, hydrophilic, thermostable phytotoxin was purified to homogeneity from culture fluids of Ganoderma lucidum. The phytotoxin was purified by solvent extraction, gel filtration on Sephadex G-75. Toxicity was evaluated with detached leaf sheath and electrolyte leakage bioassays. Purified phytotoxin induced visible symptoms of the disease, when applied to coconut leaves, fronds and roots even at a low concentration. The toxin is a glycoprotein with carbohydrate as the major component. The importance of the carbohydrate moiety for toxic activity was indicated by inactivation of toxic compounds after periodate oxidation. The toxin caused lesions on a number of other monocots and dicots and proved to be non-host specific.

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Employing a Crude Toxin Preparation from Sarocladium oryzae as a Molecular Sieve to Select Sheath Rot-resistant Somaclones of Rice

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Rice Sheath Rot: An Emerging Ubiquitous Destructive Disease Complex

Rice Sheath Rot: An Emerging Ubiquitous Destructive Disease Complex

Rapid suppression of defence enzymes and compounds by sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) and sheath rot (Sarocladium oryzae) toxins in rice cell suspension cultures

Purification and partial characterization of a toxin produced byGanoderma lucidum, the coconutGanodermadisease pathogen

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