“…Using a dataset of 408 US firms from 2002 to 2011, Barnett et al (2018) found that companies with greater corporate responsibility ratings (CSR) were less likely to experience litigation. Other studies identified positive abnormal for firms with high employee satisfaction (Becker et al, 2022; Edmans et al, 2014; Fauver et al, 2018), customer loyalty (Albuquerque et al, 2019; Luo & Bhattacharya, 2009), and social capital and trust (Fiordelisi et al, 2022; Lins et al, 2017). Another strand of studies finds that the implementation of environmentally virtuous practices yields more favorable access to finance (Cheng et al, 2014; Liu et al, 2021; Maaloul, 2018) and generates a lower cost of debt financing (Caragnano et al, 2020; Jung et al, 2018; Pizzutilo et al, 2020) and cost of capital (Mariani et al, 2021; Sharfman & Fernando, 2008).…”