Employee attitudes and their relation to morale.

A study of three specific problems in the measurement and interpretation of emoloyee attitudes.

“…The scale of importance may not have been sensitive to very slight differences in importance. It is suggested that more elaborate procedures of weighting job factors might be developed, possibly along the lines of statistical methods such as those developed by Kolstad (ig), Woods (34), and others (3, 6, 7, 8i, 22). It is also desirable, however, that future research deal with the possible methods of weighting suggested by the studies of Katz ( 12), Allport and Hartman (1), and the present investigation.…”

Grouptask Satisfaction

“…However, Ingraham and Manning (1981) defined morale as "a psychological state of mind, characterized by a sense of well-being based on confidence in self and in primary groups" (p. 6), thus clearly treating the construct as an individual characteristic. Several other researchers also defined morale as an individual-level attribute (e.g., Guba, 1958;Woods, 1944), and in a recent review, Manning (1991) concluded that because the majority of researchers support the conceptualization of morale as an individual attribute, it should be regarded in this way.…”

Rorschach responses related to vocational interests and job satisfaction.

“…Having the subject do so placed the responsibility upon him of weighing all the job factors. Morale or satisfaction with work was exclusively the sum of attitudes toward work situations and it was not known which of several aspects of a job denoted morale (63). A forty-four item questionnaire, sampling almost every area of the subject's work environment, produced substantially similar results in terms of job satisfaction as did one item requesting the subject to evaluate his feelings of satisfaction with the job (17).…”