Empirically derived dietary patterns and food groups intake in relation with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A systematic review and meta-analysis

Shareghfarid, Elham; Sangsefidi, Zohreh Sadat; Salehi‐Abargouei, Amin; Hosseinzadeh, Mahdieh

doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.10.013

Cited by 40 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Eating processed foods and high screen use correlated positively with inattention and ODD behaviours, and reduced sleep correlated positively with hyperactive/impulsive and ODD behaviours. A recent systematic review found that junk food consumption exacerbated ADHD symptoms, and a review of screen use in children reported associations between ADHD behaviours and screen time, showing increased attention problems with increased TV viewing/videogame playing ( 31 , 32 ). Screen use has been linked to sleep problems in children including shorter sleep duration and delayed sleep timing, which has been associated with increased ADHD behaviours ( 32–34 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle habits and mental health symptoms in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Canada

Swansburg

Hai

MacMaster

et al. 2021

Paediatrics &Amp; Child Health

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Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic created an environment of restricted access to health and recreation services. Lifestyle habits including sleep, eating, exercise, and screen use were modified, potentially exacerbating adverse mental health outcomes. This study investigates the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle habits and mental health symptoms in paediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Canada. Methods An online survey was distributed across Canada to caregivers of children with ADHD (children aged 5 to 18 years) assessing depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), ADHD (SNAP-IV), and lifestyle behaviours. Data were analyzed by gender (male/female) and age category (5 to 8, 9 to 12, and 13 to 18 years). Spearman’s correlations between lifestyle habits and mental health outcomes were conducted. Results A total of 587 surveys were completed. Mean child age was 10.14 years (SD 3.06), including 166 females (28.3%). The PHQ-9 and GAD-7 indicated that 17.4% and 14.1% of children met criteria for moderately severe to severe depression and anxiety symptoms respectively. Children met SNAP-IV cut-off scores for inattention (73.7%), hyperactivity/impulsivity (66.8%), and oppositional defiant disorder (38.6%) behaviours. Caregivers reported changes in sleep (77.5%), eating (58.9%), exercise (83.7%), and screen use (92.9%) in their ADHD child, greatly impacting youth. Sleeping fewer hours/night, eating more processed foods, and watching TV/playing videogames >3.5 hours/day correlated with greater depression, anxiety and ADHD symptoms, and exercising <1 hour/day further correlated with depression symptoms (P<0.01). Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in less healthy lifestyle habits and increased mental health symptoms in Canadian children with ADHD. Longitudinal studies to better understand the relationship between these factors are recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle habits and mental health symptoms in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Canada

Swansburg

Hai

MacMaster

et al. 2021

Paediatrics &Amp; Child Health

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“…Millichat et al [ 21 ] concluded that greater attention needs to be paid to the education of parents and their children on what constitutes a healthy dietary pattern with a focus on removing ingredients shown to exacerbate symptoms. Shareghfarid et al [ 22 ] conducted a pooled meta-analysis of dietary pattern studies that included eight thousand and sixteen children diagnosed with ADHD and found a healthy dietary pattern decreased the risk of ADHD while a western dietary pattern increased symptoms. In their conclusion, Shareghfarid et al [ 22 ] determined a “healthy” dietary pattern consisting of vegetables, fruits, legumes, and fish decreased the odds of ADHD while a “Western” dietary pattern consisting of red meat, refined grains, processed meats and hydrogenated fats and oils increased ADHD.…”

Section: Recent Studies Show Children Diagnosed With Adhd and Asd Are Eating Unhealthy Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shareghfarid et al [ 22 ] conducted a pooled meta-analysis of dietary pattern studies that included eight thousand and sixteen children diagnosed with ADHD and found a healthy dietary pattern decreased the risk of ADHD while a western dietary pattern increased symptoms. In their conclusion, Shareghfarid et al [ 22 ] determined a “healthy” dietary pattern consisting of vegetables, fruits, legumes, and fish decreased the odds of ADHD while a “Western” dietary pattern consisting of red meat, refined grains, processed meats and hydrogenated fats and oils increased ADHD. In another recent literature review, Farsad-Naeimi et al [ 23 ] conducted a pooled meta-analysis of fourteen studies that included twenty-five thousand nine hundred and forty-five subjects to determine whether there is a relationship between the consumption of sugar and sugar sweetened beverages and symptoms of ADHD.…”

Section: Recent Studies Show Children Diagnosed With Adhd and Asd Are Eating Unhealthy Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connecting inorganic mercury and lead measurements in blood to dietary sources of exposure that may impact child development

Dufault¹,

Wolle²,

Kingston³

et al. 2021

WJM

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Pre-natal and post-natal chemical exposures and co-exposures from a variety of sources including contaminated air, water, soil, and food are common and associated with poorer birth and child health outcomes. Poor diet is a contributing factor in the development of child behavioral disorders. Child behavior and learning can be adversely impacted when gene expression is altered by dietary transcription factors such as zinc insufficiency or deficiency or by exposure to toxic substances permitted in our food supply such as mercury, lead, or organophosphate pesticide residue. Children with autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders exhibit decreased or impaired PON1 gene activity which is needed by the body to metabolize and excrete neurotoxic organophosphate pesticides. In this current review we present an updated macroepigenetic model that explains how dietary inorganic mercury and lead exposures from unhealthy diet may lead to elevated blood mercury and/or lead levels and the development of symptoms associated with the autism and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorders. PON1 gene activity may be suppressed by inadequate dietary calcium, selenium, and fatty acid intake or exposures to lead or mercury. The model may assist clinicians in diagnosing and treating the symptoms associated with these childhood neurodevelopmental disorders. Recommendations for future research are provided based on the updated model and review of recently published literature.

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“…In this context, we should highlight that the relationship between diet and mental health is complex and bidirectional, and studies report less healthy dietary choices among patients with NDDs ( 30 , 31 ). In this regard, subjects suffering NDDs might also find it more difficult to adhere to potentially beneficial dietary interventions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Tailored Gut Microbiome-Based and Dietary Interventions for Promoting the Development and Maintenance of a Healthy Brain

et al. 2021

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Mental health is determined by a complex interplay between the Neurological Exposome and the Human Genome. Multiple genetic and non-genetic (exposome) factors interact early in life, modulating the risk of developing the most common complex neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), with potential long-term consequences on health. To date, the understating of the precise etiology underpinning these neurological alterations, and their clinical management pose a challenge. The crucial role played by diet and gut microbiota in brain development and functioning would indicate that modulating the gut-brain axis may help protect against the onset and progression of mental-health disorders. Some nutritional deficiencies and gut microbiota alterations have been linked to NDDs, suggesting their potential pathogenic implications. In addition, certain dietary interventions have emerged as promising alternatives or adjuvant strategies for improving the management of particular NDDs, at least in particular subsets of subjects. The gut microbiota can be a key to mediating the effects of other exposome factors such as diet on mental health, and ongoing research in Psychiatry and Neuropediatrics is developing Precision Nutrition Models to classify subjects according to a diet response prediction based on specific individual features, including microbiome signatures. Here, we review current scientific evidence for the impact of early life environmental factors, including diet, on gut microbiota and neuro-development, emphasizing the potential long-term consequences on health; and also summarize the state of the art regarding the mechanisms underlying diet and gut microbiota influence on the brain–gut axis. Furthermore, we describe the evidence supporting the key role played by gut microbiota, diet and nutrition in neurodevelopment, as well as the effectiveness of certain dietary and microbiome-based interventions aimed at preventing or treating NDDs. Finally, we emphasize the need for further research to gain greater insight into the complex interplay between diet, gut microbiome and brain development. Such knowledge would help towards achieving tailored integrative treatments, including personalized nutrition.

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Empirically derived dietary patterns and food groups intake in relation with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 40 publications

References 54 publications

Impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle habits and mental health symptoms in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Canada

Impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle habits and mental health symptoms in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Canada

Connecting inorganic mercury and lead measurements in blood to dietary sources of exposure that may impact child development

Towards Tailored Gut Microbiome-Based and Dietary Interventions for Promoting the Development and Maintenance of a Healthy Brain

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