Empirical nexus between financial inclusion and carbon emissions: Evidence from heterogeneous financial economies and regions

Hussain, Shahzad; Gul, Raazia; Ullah, Sabeeh; Waheed, Abdul; Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13164

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…We are following the line of reasoning of [ 19 ] that non-linearity between financial sector development and carbon emissions exist due to solid governance mechanism and strict environmental regulations to ensure sustainable development. In addition, extant literature supports the notion that developed countries have solid environmental protection mechanisms; hence, businesses in such countries are inclined to invest in technological innovation rather than scale expansion [ 1 , 14 , 29 ]. On the contrary, developing countries have weak environmental protection regulations that incentivize high growth and economic development, expanding production capacity through affordable credit facilities (Jiang & Ma, 2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using 74 heterogeneous financial economies and region over the period of 2004–2020, Ref. [ 1 ] supported the EKC based inverted U-shaped impact of inclusive financial system on CO2 emissions. However, this non-linear nexus of inclusive financial system with CO emission varies across level of economic development and regions.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Global warming and climate change have been the leading topics of worldwide discourse, as evidenced by the exponential growth in academic literature, media coverage, political dialogues, and legal and regulatory responses [ 1 ]. However, the continued rise in carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions, the cause of environmental degradation, jeopardizes the entire global climate system [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Developed countries have solid environmental protection mechanisms; hence, businesses in such countries are inclined to invest in technological innovation rather than scale expansion [ 14 , 29 ]. Existing literature indicates a nonlinear correlation between financial advancement and greenhouse gas emissions, which can be explained by robust governance systems and stringent environmental policies focused on sustainable growth [ 1 , 19 ]. On the contrary, developing countries have weak environmental protection regulations that incentivize high growth and economic development, expanding production capacity through affordable credit facilities [ 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Relationship between financial inclusion and carbon emissions: International evidence

Hussain¹,

Akbar

Gul

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Relationship between financial inclusion and carbon emissions: International evidence

Hussain¹,

Akbar

Gul

et al. 2023

Heliyon

Self Cite

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“…EPI represents a typical indicator that captures human impacts on environmental (Samimi et al, 2010;Wang, Geng, et al, 2021). The final dependent variable refers to Greenhouse gases (GHG), which is a typical index of the intensity of human activities and their impact on the environment see Hussain et al (2023) and Singh and Mukherjee (2019).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Are democratic regime and the magnitude of the informal economy robust determinants of human impacts on the environment? An extreme bounds analysis

Vourvoulia,

Kampas

2023

Economics & Politics

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There is a vast body of literature dedicated to identifying the major drivers that explain human impacts on the environment. In this study, we utilize the STIRPAT framework to assess whether two controversial factors should be considered when examining how humans affect the environment. Specifically, we investigate whether the quality of the democratic regime and the size of the informal economy play significant roles in determining human impacts on the environment. To address this question, we employ the extreme bounds analysis (EBA) to characterize these drivers as either robust or fragile. Based on the findings of this paper, both variables are classified as fragile, suggesting that they may not fully explain human impacts on the environment. We have taken great care in interpreting the results.

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Universal Background Checks, Permit Requirements, and Firearm Homicide Rates

Siegel

2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceA loophole in US gun policy is that people can purchase guns from private sellers without going through any background check. Some states have addressed this loophole by requiring universal background checks for all gun sales, either at the point of sale or through a permit system; however, most studies on the effectiveness of universal background checks have not analyzed these 2 policy mechanisms separately.ObjectiveTo assess the association of point-of-sale background check law and gun permit law, separately, with firearm homicide rates from 1976 through 2022 using the same methods and model specification.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used a difference-in-differences, fixed-effects regression model to evaluate firearm laws and firearm homicide rates in 48 states from 1976 through 2022. Data were obtained for 48 states except New Hampshire and Vermont and were analyzed in January 2024.ExposuresImplementation of either the law requiring a universal background check at point of sale for all firearms without a permit or the laws combining universal background checks and a state permit requirement for all gun purchasers.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAnnual, state-specific rates of firearm homicide per 100 000 people.ResultsFrom 1976 through 2022, 12 states adopted the universal background check laws without permitting requirements and 7 states implemented gun permit laws covering all firearms. The mean (SD) firearm homicide rate was 4.3 (0.1) per 100 000 people. Universal background checks for all firearms alone (without a state permitting system) were not associated with overall homicide rates (percentage change, 1.3%; 95% CI, −6.9% to 10.4%) or firearm homicide rates (percentage change, 3.7%; 95% CI, −5.3% to 13.6%). A law requiring a permit for the purchase of all firearms was associated with significantly lower overall homicide rates (percentage change, −15.4%; 95% CI, −28.5% to −0.01%) and firearm homicide rates (percentage change, −18.3%; 95% CI, −32.0% to −1.9%).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study found that universal background checks alone were not associated with firearm homicide rates, but a permit requirement for the purchase and possession of firearms was associated with substantially reduced rates of firearm homicide. The findings suggest that combining universal background checks and permit-to-purchase requirements is an effective strategy for firearm-related fatality reduction.

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Empirical nexus between financial inclusion and carbon emissions: Evidence from heterogeneous financial economies and regions

Cited by 18 publications

References 42 publications

Relationship between financial inclusion and carbon emissions: International evidence

Relationship between financial inclusion and carbon emissions: International evidence

Are democratic regime and the magnitude of the informal economy robust determinants of human impacts on the environment? An extreme bounds analysis

Universal Background Checks, Permit Requirements, and Firearm Homicide Rates

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