Empirical investigations on the effects of ionizing radiation on epoxy structural adhesives and resins: An overview

Zimmermann, J.; Schalm, T.; Sadeghi, M.Z.

doi:10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2021.103014

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Epon embedding provides excellent mechanical properties for thin serial sectioning. It is, however, prone to radiation damage (Zimmermann et al, 2022) (Supp Fig 2 .3). To enhance radiation resilience we therefore turned to the aerospace and nuclear industry that critically depends on epoxies resistant to ionising radiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-destructive X-ray tomography of brain tissue ultrastructure

Bosch,

Aidukas,

Holler

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Wiring diagrams of neural circuits are of central importance in delineating mechanisms of computation in the brain (Lichtman and Sanes, 2008; Litwin-Kumar and Turaga, 2019). To generate these diagrams, the individual parts of neurons - axons, dendrites and synapses - must be densely identified in 3-dimensional volumes of neuronal tissue. This is typically achieved by electron microscopy (Kornfeld and Denk, 2018), necessitating physical sectioning of the specimen either before or during the image acquisition process using ultrathin sectioning techniques or gallium or gas cluster ion beams (Denk and Horstmann, 2004; Hayworth et al., 2020; Kasthuri et al., 2015; Xu et al., 2017). Here, we demonstrate that X-ray ptychography (Pfeiffer, 2018), a coherent diffractive X-ray imaging technique, can faithfully acquire 3-dimensional images of metal-stained mouse neuronal tissue. Achieving high imaging quality requires minimization of the radiation damage to the sample, which we achieve by imaging at cryogenic temperatures and using specialised tomographic reconstruction algorithms (Odstrcil et al., 2019b). Using a newly identified tri-functional epoxy resin we demonstrate radiation resistance to X-ray doses exceeding 1011Gy. Sub-40 nm resolution makes it possible to densely resolve axon bundles, boutons, dendrites, and synapses without physical sectioning. Moreover, the tissue volumes can subsequently be imaged in 3D using high-resolution focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) (Heymann et al., 2006; Knott et al., 2008) showing intact ultrastructure, suggesting that metal-stained neuronal tissue can be highly radiation-stable. Ongoing improvements in synchrotron, X-ray and detector physics (Yabashi and Tanaka, 2017), as well as further optimization of sample preparation and staining procedures (Hua et al., 2015; Karlupia et al., 2023; Lu et al., 2023; Mikula and Denk, 2015; Pallotto et al., 2015; Song et al., 2022), could lead to substantial improvements in acquisition speed (Du et al., 2021), whilst widening the volumes that can be imaged with X-ray techniques using laminography (Helfen et al., 2005; Helfen et al., 2013; Holler et al., 2020b; Holler et al., 2019) and nano-holotomography (Cloetens et al., 1999; Kuan et al., 2020) could allow for non-destructive X-ray imaging of synapses and neural circuits contained in volumes of increasing size.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Embedding and staining protocols have played a key role in the development and improvement of volume EM techniques (22-25, 65, 66). Epon embedding provides excellent mechanical properties for thin serial sectioning (67) but is prone to radiation damage (68) (Fig. 5(b,c,d), Supp Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive X-ray tomography of brain tissue ultrastructure

Bosch,

Aidukas,

Holler

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The remarkable thermo-mechanical properties of epoxy thermosets enable their wide applications in electronic packaging, adhesives, and advanced composite materials, − etc. However, the brittle nature of epoxy thermosets originating from high cross-linking density constrains their performance and application in harsh service conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Accurate and Transferable Coarse-Graining Method for the Investigation of Microscopic Fracture Behaviors of Epoxy Thermosets

Gao,

Chen,

Dong

et al. 2024

J. Phys. Chem. B

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Coarse-grained modeling shows potential in exploring the thermo-mechanical behaviors of polymers applied in harsh conditions such as cryogenic environment, but its accuracy in simulating fracture behaviors of highly cross-linked epoxy thermosets is largely limited due to the complex molecular structures of the cross-linked networks. We address this fundamental problem by developing a CG modeling method where the backbones and electrostatic interaction (EI) contributions in the cross-linked networks are retained, and thus the potentials of the CG model can be directly extracted, or parametrized on the basis of, existing all-atomistic (AA) force fields. A multilevel parametrization procedure was adopted, where the bond potentials were parametrized relying on the results of density functional theory (DFT) simulation, whereas the nonbond potentials were parametrized by renormalizing the cohesive interaction strength. Remarkably, the CG model can reproduce stress−strain responses highly consistent with the AA simulation results at multiple stages, including elastic deformation, yielding, plastic flow, strain hardening, etc., and the straightforward parametrization procedure can be easily transferred to different materials and thermodynamic conditions. The CG modeling method was then used to build a large-scale representative volume element (RVE) to investigate the microscopic fracture behavior of an epoxy thermoset. It has been discovered that EI contributions play a significant role in generating correct mechanical responses and fracture morphologies. The influences of temperature (i.e., from room to cryogenic temperatures) and strain rates were discussed, and the fracture morphology in the RVE was unveiled and analyzed in a quantitative manner.

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“…Epoxy resins are renowned for their exceptional mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, making them indispensable materials across diverse industries. 1 They are widely utilized in adhesive formulations, 1,2 protective coatings, 3 composite materials, 4 and electronic encapsulants, 5 among others. 1,6,7 The extensive usage of epoxy resins is attributed to their inherent advantages, including outstanding adhesion, high chemical resistance, low shrinkage upon curing, and excellent dimensional stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing anticorrosive performance of epoxy‐based ZnO nanocomposite coatings via 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate modification

Dam,

Dao,

Nguyen

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The influence of 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMSPM) on the properties of epoxy‐based ZnO nanocomposite coatings was investigated, considering its impact on both modified ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and epoxy resin matrix. FTIR analysis revealed that TMSPM‐modified epoxy resin (mEP) exhibited lower hydroxyl group and epoxy group content compared to the initial epoxy resin (EP). Furthermore, the obtained results demonstrated that epoxy‐based coatings incorporating modified ZnO NPs (m‐ZnO NPs) displayed superior mechanical properties compared to those of the sample filled with the unmodified ZnO NPs (u‐ZnO NPs). However, the mechanical properties of epoxy‐based coatings loaded with m‐ZnO NPs were found to be lower than those of coatings comprising mEP resin and m‐ZnO NPs. The arrangement of anticorrosion performance of coatings followed a similar pattern. SEM analysis of the cross‐cut surface revealed better dispersion of m‐ZnO NPs compared to the u‐ZnO NPs, although small gaps were observed among the m‐ZnO NPs and the epoxy matrix. The SEM images of coatings based on mEP and m‐ZnO NPs indicated a tighter structure. This structural characteristic is considered the main reason for the highest anticorrosion performance observed in the investigated coatings incorporating both mEP and m‐ZnO NPs.

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Empirical investigations on the effects of ionizing radiation on epoxy structural adhesives and resins: An overview

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Non-destructive X-ray tomography of brain tissue ultrastructure

Non-destructive X-ray tomography of brain tissue ultrastructure

An Accurate and Transferable Coarse-Graining Method for the Investigation of Microscopic Fracture Behaviors of Epoxy Thermosets

Enhancing anticorrosive performance of epoxy‐based ZnO nanocomposite coatings via 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate modification

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