Empirical Analysis of Spatial Mismatch of Living-Working: Based on a Field Survey in Downtown Beijing

Abstract

Abstract.The article includes an analysis of spatial and temporal possibilities of commuting to work by collective transport during the morning rush hours in Szczecin. This article focuses on transport accessibility by collective transport in Szczecin measured with the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) tools and General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) format for exchanging public transportation schedule and geographic information. A public transport model includes journey sources who are people of working age and destinations which are different workplaces in Szczecin. The main objective of the article to determine places of the highest accessibility by collective transport within 1-minute period of time. The accessibility analysis for jobs and companies is made in Szczecin, as Szczecin's public transport operator has published the GTFS format as the first in Poland. In addition, Szczecin has a very specific urban layout, separated by a river and connected by one (main communication artery) and the other smaller bridge for crossings between Lewobrzeżem and Prawobrzeżem. The analysis is to show the exact hour during which the largest number of citizens has the possibility to commute to the highest possible workplaces. The result shall depict interdependence between various components (space usage, time, individual), transport accessibility and a choice of a place having the best possible accessibility during the morning rush hours (Geurs & Ritseman van Eck 2001). The results are to be presented with the use of the cumulative accessibility and graphs .1 .

GIS tools and programming languages for creating models of public and private transport potential accessibility in Szczecin, Poland

“…Recently, researchers are spending more and more time studying and describing operation of public and private transport during the morning (Goliszek 2017) and afternoon rush hours. Such analyses allow to formulate recommendations to avoid wasting time when travelling at different times of the day (Niedzielski and Boschmann 2014;Shearmur 2006;Shirgaokar 2014;Wang and Chen 2015;Yongling and Guonan 2009).…”

Space-Time Variation of Accessibility to Jobs with used by Public Transport - case study in Szczecin

“…Providing access to public transport to the highest possible number of citizens is considered a real challenge for transport policies introduced in cities and regions. Most of citizens of a city having a public transportation system shall have the possibility to commute to work or school in an economically acceptable way (Lau 2011;Lucas 2011;Naudé 2008;Yongling & Guonan 2009). Another essential issue is attractiveness of a given job what can be expressed by the salary, additional benefits provided by the company and economical effectiveness of commuting (Cervero 2001).…”

Commuting patterns in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. What differences between formal and informal jobs?

“…This can only be achieved by reducing the distance between residential locations and jobs and/or increasing the use of alternative modes of transport (Akerman and Hojer, 2006 ;Holden, 2012 ;Modarres, 2013). The social challenge is to ensure that the lowest income groups have access to jobs at costs which are acceptable not only in financial terms but also in terms of daily travel times (Lau, 2011 ;Lucas, 2011 ;Motte-Baumwol and Nassi, 2012 ;Naudé, 2008 ;Yongling and Guonan, 2009). Last, the efficiency of commuting trips is a factor for firms' economic efficiency (Cervero, 2001), in particular because it reduces stress and fatigue among the workforce (Novaco and Gonzalez, 2009).…”