Emphysematous Cystitis in a Chemically-Induced Diabetic Dog

Abstract

Emphysematous cystitis is a rare disorder caused by bacterial infection and characterized by gas accumulation within the bladder wall with cyst formation. This report describes the histopathological characteristics of emphysematous cystitis found in a diabetic female beagle induced by streptozotocin and alloxan. Macroscopically, multiple cyst-like structures were observed on the cut surface of the urinary mucosa. During fixation, small specimens cut from the mucosa floated on the surface of the fixative solution. Histopathologically, multiple cysts were lined with a single layer of flattened cells found to be immunohistochemically positive for vimentin, partially positive for α-smooth muscle actin or macrophage scavenger receptor, class A, and thought to be myofibroblasts, fibroblasts or macrophages. Multinucleated giant cells were observed around the cysts, and gram-negative short bacilli were observed in the lumen of the urinary bladder. From these findings, this case was diagnosed as emphysematous cystitis.

Spontaneous Diabetes Mellitus in Animals

“…Urinary bladder wall has spongy consistency, with multiple cyst-like structures filled with gas, which confer floating ability when the tissue specimens are put into fixative solution. Hemorrhages and inflammatory cell infiltration are observed in lamina propria [130,131].…”

Extension of gas into the abdominal wall secondary to recurrent coliform emphysematous cystitis in a diabetic dog

“…EC was first reported as a post‐mortem incidental finding in a dog by Hueper in 1925, who described gas‐filled vesicles within the bladder wall surrounded by inflammation and haemorrhage 3 . Since then EC has been reported in both diabetic and non‐diabetic dogs and cats 4–13 . Clinical presentation is variable with 12 of 27 dogs in a recent study presenting with solely haematuria and a further eight presenting with no signs indicative of urinary tract disease 14 .…”

“…3 Since then EC has been reported in both diabetic and non-diabetic dogs and cats. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Clinical presentation is variable with 12 of 27 dogs in a recent study presenting with solely haematuria and a further eight presenting with no signs indicative of urinary tract disease. 14 Other common clinical signs reported were stranguria, dysuria or pollakiuria, fetid urine, fever and abdominal pain.…”

Cistite enfisematosa em cão: relato radiográfico de caso

“…A cistite enfisematosa, enfermidade incomum da clínica veterinária, está associada a presença de microrganismos fermentadores de glicose, que produzem gás no lúmen da bexiga (MATSUO et al, 2009;CREMASKI et al, 2010;GIMENEZ;LAGUIA, 2012).…”

“…Os microrganismos envolvidos na etiologia da cistite enfisematosa, são os que utilizam a glicose como substrato, como: Proteus sp, Aerobacter aerogenous, Escherichia coli e Clostridium spp. (CREMASKI et al, 2010;GALLATTI;IWASAKI, 2004;MATSUO et al, 2009).…”