Emphasized warning reduces salt intake: a randomized controlled trial

Markota, Nina Pinjuh; Rumboldt, Mirjana; Rumboldt, Zvonko

doi:10.1016/j.jash.2014.12.022

Cited by 22 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Education for salt intake reduction in 150 treated hypertensive patients reduced SBP by 5.3 mm Hg and DBP by 2.9 mm Hg after 2 months. The reduction was significantly larger than that in the control group …”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…Only a few studies have evaluated the effect of high sodium intake on BP control . Intervention trials for the effect of sodium intake in patients taking antihypertensive medication have been performed in short‐term studies, and most of them were performed with small sample sizes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can attribute to poor BP control despite the use of antihypertensive medications. However, only a few short‐term controlled trials with small sample size and cross‐sectional studies have evaluated the association between high sodium intake and poor BP control. These cross‐sectional studies measured sodium intake by dietary survey method and spot urine method known to have limitations .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Difference in 24‐hour urine sodium excretion between controlled and uncontrolled patients on antihypertensive drug treatment

Rhee

Kim

et al. 2019

J of Clinical Hypertension

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between sodium intake and blood pressure (BP) control in hypertensive patients taking antihypertensive medications by using 24‐hour urine collection and 24‐hour ambulatory BP. This is a cross‐sectional community‐based study and conducted in 2011 and 2012. A total of 1128 participants were recruited from five cities in Korea. Among them, 740 participants who had complete 24‐hour urine collection and valid 24‐hour ambulatory BP data were included in this study. Participants were divided into four groups: normotensives (NT, n = 441), untreated hypertensive patients (UTHT, n = 174), controlled hypertensive patients (CHT, n = 62), and uncontrolled hypertensive patients (UCHT, n = 63). UCHT and CHT groups showed higher mean age than NT and UTHT groups. UCHT and UTHT groups showed higher 24‐hour systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) than NT and CHT groups. UCHT group had the highest level of 24‐hour urine sodium. Multivariate analysis adjusted with age, gender, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and use of diuretics showed higher level of 24‐hour urine sodium in UCHT group than that in CHT group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed independent association of the amount of 24‐hour urine sodium with uncontrolled BP in hypertensive patients on antihypertensive drug treatment. Higher level of 24‐hour urine sodium excretion in uncontrolled hypertensive patients suggests that excessive sodium intake could be associated with blunted BP lowering efficacy of antihypertensive medications.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Difference in 24‐hour urine sodium excretion between controlled and uncontrolled patients on antihypertensive drug treatment

Rhee

Kim

et al. 2019

J of Clinical Hypertension

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“…A search on social media finds many recent examples of mostly children and some adults challenging themselves or others to eat amounts of salt that are in the range of the fatalities reported in this systematic review (google search “eat salt challenge”, 10 April 2017). An added benefit of warning labels on salt containers relates to evidence that it may reduce salt intake [ 38 , 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Fatalities Related to Acute Ingestion of Salt. A Need for Warning Labels?

Campbell

Train

2017

Nutrients

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There are sporadic cases of fatalities from acutely eating salt. Yet, on social media, there are “challenges to” and examples of children and some adults acutely eating salt, and recently a charity advocated eating small amounts of salt to empathize with Syrian refugees. We performed a systematic review of fatalities from ingesting salt to assess if relatively moderate doses of salt could be fatal. In 27 reports, there were 35 fatalities documented (19 in adults and 16 in children). The lethal dose was estimated to be less than 10 g of sodium (<5 teaspoons of salt) in two children, and less than 25 g sodium in four adults (<4 tablespoons of salt). The frequency of fatal ingestion of salt is not able to be discerned from our review. If investigation of the causes of hypernatremia in hospital records indicates salt overdose is relatively common, consideration could be given to placing warning labels on salt containers and shakers. Such warning labels can have the added advantage of reducing dietary salt consumption.

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“…Thirdly, and most importantly, it could lead to a reduction in sodium consumption. A randomized controlled trial found that having patients with hypertension place a warning label on salt shakers at home reduced sodium consumption very substantively . To have maximum impact, a warning label should also be considered for other major discretionary sources of dietary sodium (eg, soya sauce, fish sauce, bouillon cubes) where sodium is the major component of the product.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Packages of sodium (Salt) sold for consumption and salt dispensers should be required to have a front of package health warning label: A position statement of the World Hypertension League, national and international health and scientific organizations

Campbell

Webster

Blanco-Metzler

et al. 2019

J of Clinical Hypertension

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Emphasized warning reduces salt intake: a randomized controlled trial

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Difference in 24‐hour urine sodium excretion between controlled and uncontrolled patients on antihypertensive drug treatment

Difference in 24‐hour urine sodium excretion between controlled and uncontrolled patients on antihypertensive drug treatment

A Systematic Review of Fatalities Related to Acute Ingestion of Salt. A Need for Warning Labels?

Packages of sodium (Salt) sold for consumption and salt dispensers should be required to have a front of package health warning label: A position statement of the World Hypertension League, national and international health and scientific organizations

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