Empathy, sex and fluid intelligence as predictors of theory of mind

Ibáñez, Agustín; Huepe, David; Gempp, René; Gutiérrez, Virna Vaneza; Rivera‐Rei, Álvaro; Toledo, María Isabel

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.11.022

Cited by 148 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Subjects are asked to choose one of the four words that best describes what the person in the photo is thinking or feeling. Ibanez, Huepe, Gempp, Gutiérrez, Rivera-Rei, and Toledo (2013) found that people with high scores in Raven's test also perform better in RMET. In an experimental investigation of the Level-k model, Georganas, Healy, and Weber (2015) found a positive correlation between the score in RMET test and the propensity to adapt Level-1 reasoning.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Subjects with cognitive ability above this threshold, however, tend to act much more strategically: they systematically choose lower numbers and respond to their beliefs about the cognitive ability of other players. Finally, recent evidence from psychological research reveals the relationship between uid intelligence and the theory of mind (Ibanez, Huepe, Gempp, Gutiérrez, Rivera-Rei, and Toledo, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cognitive ability and the effect of strategic uncertainty

et al. 2015

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Abstract:How is one's cognitive ability related to the way one responds to strategic uncertainty? We address this question by conducting a set of experiments in simple 2 x 2 dominance solvable coordination games. Our experiments involve two main treatments: one in which two human subjects interact, and another in which one human subject interacts with a computer program whose behavior is known. By making the behavior of the computer perfectly predictable, the latter treatment eliminates strategic uncertainty. We find that subjects with higher cognitive ability are more sensitive to strategic uncertainty than those with lower cognitive ability. Keywords:Strategic Uncertainty, Bounded Rationality, Robot, Experiment. JEL codes:C92, D83. AbstractHow is one's cognitive ability related to the way one responds to strategic uncertainty? We address this question by conducting a set of experiments in simple 2 × 2 dominance solvable coordination games. Our experiments involve two main treatments: one in which two human subjects interact, and another in which one human subject interacts with a computer program whose behavior is known. By making the behavior of the computer perfectly predictable, the latter treatment eliminates strategic uncertainty. We nd that subjects with higher cognitive ability are more sensitive to strategic uncertainty than those with lower cognitive ability.

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Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive ability and the effect of strategic uncertainty

et al. 2015

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“…Empathy deficits are related to inadequate identification of emotional expressions (Marsh et al, 2008;Petroni et al, 2011), reward-oriented behaviour without concern for the consequences (Brazil et al, 2011) and deficits in executive functions such as inhibitory control and working memory (Heilbrun, 1982;Nelson & Trainor, 2007;Paschall & Fishbein, 2002). Furthermore, theory of mind, an empathy-related process (Ibanez et al, 2013), has effects on behavioural, emotional and moral judgement control in violent individuals (Ragsdale, Foley, & Lauwereyns, 2011). Therefore, individual differences in empathy in violent persons can be involved in the modulation of emotional information.…”

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confidence: 99%

Emotional processing in Colombian ex-combatants and its relationship with empathy and executive functions

Tobón

Ibáñez

Velilla

et al. 2014

Social Neuroscience

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In this work, the neural correlates of emotional processing in Colombian ex-combatants with different empathy profiles were compared to normal controls matched for age, gender and educational level. Forty ex-combatants and 20 non ex-combatants were recruited for this study. Empathy levels as well as executive functions were measured. Empathy level was used to create three groups. Group 1 (G1) included ex-combatants with normal empathy scores, and Group 2 included ex-combatants with low scores on at least one empathy sub-scales. In control group (Ctrl), participants with no antecedents of being combatants and with normal scores in empathy were included. Age, gender, educational and intelligence quotients level were controlled among groups. event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while individuals performed an affective picture processing task that included positive, neutral and negative emotional stimuli, which elicit an early modulation of emotion categorization (Early Posterior Negativity (EPN)) and late evaluative process (LPP). EPN differences were found among affective categories, but no group effects were observed at this component. LPP showed a main effect of category and group (higher amplitudes in ex-combatants). There was an inverse correlation between empathy and executive functions scores and ERPs. Results are discussed according to the impact of emotional processing on empathy profile.

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“…Previous literature suggests that women, compared to men, have better developed empathy and theories of mind (Ibanez et al, 2013; Rueckert, Branch, & Doan, 2011). Therefore, it is plausible that RF in fathers is less associated with parenting behaviors and childhood outcomes compared to mothers’ RF abilities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship of Reflective Functioning to Parent Child Interactions in a Sample of Fathers with Concurrent Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration and Substance Abuse Problems

Stover

Coates

2015

J Fam Viol

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This study is the first to examine reflective functioning (RF) and direct parent-child interactions of fathers with concurrent intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and substance abuse (SA) problems. Twenty-four fathers, with children between the age of one and seven, completed a structured interview to assess RF, self-report measures of hostile-aggressive parenting behaviors, IPV perpetration severity, SA severity, and a coded play session with their children. Results of three simultaneous multiple regressions revealed that RF in fathers was not associated significantly with observed parenting behaviors. However, fathers’ SA severity emerged as a significant predictor for child avoidant behavior and dyadic tension, and fathers’ IPV perpetration severity contributed unique variance to child avoidant behavior and dyadic constriction. These results suggest that fathers’ SA severity and IPV perpetration behaviors may be more salient factors in predicting their father-child interactions than paternal RF.

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Empathy, sex and fluid intelligence as predictors of theory of mind

Cited by 148 publications

References 36 publications

Cognitive ability and the effect of strategic uncertainty

Cognitive ability and the effect of strategic uncertainty

Emotional processing in Colombian ex-combatants and its relationship with empathy and executive functions

The Relationship of Reflective Functioning to Parent Child Interactions in a Sample of Fathers with Concurrent Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration and Substance Abuse Problems

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