Émotions et maladie d’Alzheimer : neuropsychologie et enjeux éthiques

Arroyo-Anlló, Eva M.

doi:10.1016/j.npg.2019.04.003

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The representation that a subject has of himself (Self) includes his feelings, emotions, experiences, profession, socio-family interactions, opinions, ideals, and moral-ethics. Thus, the way in which a subject manages and expresses his emotions is a component of his "character", of the set of distinctive features of his personality that makes his reactions predictable and allow him to remain himself, his Self [6,110]. AD provokes that patients progressively lose their personal identity, their capacity to recall their present, past, and future history, ideology, and feelings as well as the spatio-temporal context where their personal events took place, generating a decontextualization of their lives, a depersonalization that reflects the change from an autonomic to a noetic consciousness, as we indicated earlier.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some episodic autobiographical memories could remain stronger and recalled faster and richer in AD patients, thanks to its relation with emotional intensity of the event, its significance for the personal identity, and concordance with present Self [73,79,80] and even visual short-term memory could be improved using emotional pictures in aging and AD populations [107]. Anyway, positive and negative emotions can facilitate memory processes [108][109][110] thanks to neural mechanisms involving the amygdala and prefrontal cortices, which participate in information encoding [111].…”

Section: Emotional Sensorial Stimulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Future studies are necessary to explore the emotional power of familiar odor stimuli to generate a positive effect on SC, due to beneficial impact on mood state, attention, and personal identity [110,150]. Besides, it would be interesting to take into account some scientific evidence in order to design emotional sensorial stimulations using odor cues to enhance the SC in AD, such as: a) odor exposure takes a short time due to nonhabituation to smell [166,167]; b) the stimulation of the trigeminal nerve could evoke less pleasant memories, although more detailed [168]; c) the association between smell and memory is very resistant to retroactive interference [169,170]; d) influence of the culture on odors [171]; e) the intensity of the smell due to greater intensity, greater unpleasant perception of smell [172]; f) gender, because women are usually more sensitive to smell, more emotionally reactive, and more susceptible to emotional conditioning with smell than men [90,[173][174][175], although it seems there are no differences at an advanced age [159]; g) some personality traits such as emotional lability, neuroticism, etc.…”

Section: Emotional Sensorial Stimulations and Self-consciousness In Amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Could Self-Consciousness Be Enhanced in Alzheimer’s Disease? An Approach from Emotional Sensorial Stimulation

Arroyo-Anlló

Sánchez

2020

JAD

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) provides a valuable field of research into impairment of self-consciousness (SC), because AD patients have a reduced capacity to understand their mental world, to experience and relive previous personal events, as well as to interpret thoughts, feelings, and beliefs about themselves. Several studies observed that AD patients had an altered SC, but not a complete abolition of it. Emotions are an integral part of the construction of personal identity, therefore of Self. In general, most studies on emotion in AD patients have observed that emotion is not completely abolished and it lets them better remember autobiographical events with greater emotional charge. The positive effect of autobiographical memories rich in emotional content, evoked directly/automatically by sensorial stimuli such as familiar odors or music, could be used to reestablish/reinforce the permanence and coherence of the Self in AD. We studied the research of empirical evidence supporting the power of the sensorial cues associated with emotion, which could be capable of enhancing the SC in AD. We presented the studies about “Emotional stimulations” using odor, music, or taste cues in AD. All studies have shown to have a positive impact on SC in AD patients such as odor-evoked autobiographical memories, taste/odor-evoked autobiographical memories, emotional sensorial stimulation using musical cues, and multi-sensorial stimulations using healing gardens. We found research supporting the notion that emotional sensorial stimulations can even temporarily exalt memory, affective state, and personal identity, that is, the SC in AD. The emotional sensory stimulations could be used as a tool to activate the SC in AD and hence improve the quality of life of patients and caregivers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Emotional Sensorial Stimulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Emotional Sensorial Stimulations and Self-consciousness In Amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Could Self-Consciousness Be Enhanced in Alzheimer’s Disease? An Approach from Emotional Sensorial Stimulation

Arroyo-Anlló

Sánchez

2020

JAD

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“…Moreover, it was also necessary to explain that there were differ-ent types of face masks and among them, the FFP2 masks which intend to protect both caregivers and patients [5]. Moreover, face perception allows us to identify the emotions expressed by others [12]. This recognition of emotions is innate and targets the so-called primitive emotions: fear, joy, anger, surprise, sadness, and disgust.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two brain processes are necessary for the recognition of faces: their morphological characters and a familiarity feeling. In AD, the person may have difficulty in recognizing the morphological features of faces or prosopagnosia[12], but the familiarity feeling is preserved for a long time during the disease[13,14]. Furthermore, the feeling of familiarity calms the AD patient and it provides him with a feeling of well-being, linked to recognition-not explicit (overt recognition), but implicit (covert recognition).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alzheimer’s Disease and Face Masks in Times of COVID-19

Arroyo-Anlló

2021

JAD

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Generalized lockdown caused by COVID-19, necessary yesterday, can no longer be that of tomorrow. It will no longer be possible to cram the humblest into cramped areas, but priority must be given to prevention (certainly with physical barriers, hydro-alcoholic gel, face masks), biological diagnosis, isolation, and also the care of any infected person. COVID-19 has hit the most vulnerable first in terms of biological inequality, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Those with AD can have sensorial deficits and perception troubles, including visual difficulties and the inability to recognize faces and emotions. Face masks and physical distancing can disrupt facial familiarity and make it more difficult to recognize emotional facial expressions. It can provoke distress, which the visitor can perceive and feel obligated to take off the face mask. This gesture should not be considered as an act of indiscipline, but an act of empathy. Transparent face masks could improve the suffering of AD patients, distraught in the presence of their loved ones whose masks hide their faces. Wearing a mask should not be due to fear of punishment, but as an understanding of the responsibility of each individual in the control of the current pandemic. It may be necessary to convince more citizens of this civic duty, using clear and attractive messaging in order to standardize the wearing of face masks for the general public and to adapt them to the needs of patients.

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“What” and “How”: A New Perspective for Understanding Unawareness in Alzheimer’s Disease Through a Combination of Two Perspectives

Mayelle

Haj

Antoine

2020

Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen

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Objectives: Assessments of unawareness in Alzheimer’s disease mainly focus on the objects (the “what”) of unawareness. A recent person-centered approach proposes to also assess the processes (the “how”). The present study combines 2 approaches to understand this heterogeneity in assessments of unawareness. Method: We recruited 46 participants from 8 nursing homes. They underwent a semi-structured interview and were assessed using a prediction–performance paradigm. Spearman correlations were calculated, and generalized additive models were established. Results: The 2 approaches are associated through cognitive deficits, confrontation with difficulties and identity changes. Objects (the what), mechanisms, and modes of expression (the how) explain at least 29.6% of the variance of unawareness. Conclusions: Unawareness is more than simply being unaware of something; it is a synergy between the objects and processes of arousal and expression. Moreover, unawareness extends beyond the disease to include the self. Considering the entire person seems to be necessary.

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Émotions et maladie d’Alzheimer : neuropsychologie et enjeux éthiques

Cited by 4 publications

References 36 publications

Could Self-Consciousness Be Enhanced in Alzheimer’s Disease? An Approach from Emotional Sensorial Stimulation

Could Self-Consciousness Be Enhanced in Alzheimer’s Disease? An Approach from Emotional Sensorial Stimulation

Alzheimer’s Disease and Face Masks in Times of COVID-19

“What” and “How”: A New Perspective for Understanding Unawareness in Alzheimer’s Disease Through a Combination of Two Perspectives

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