Emotions and heuristics: the state of perplexity in mathematics

Backward Reasoning and Epistemic Actions in Discovering Processes of Strategic Games Problems

“…We also identified some factors in the cognitive and affect interplay that would inevitably cause difficulties for students. A previous investigation [14] showed how the epistemic emotions continually exert numerous operator effects, both linear and nonlinear, on attentional activity and on the ability to perceive goal-path obstacles and to overcome them. Understanding is linked with the appraisal of their ability to influence, with their ability to predict, and with mental flexibility [13,14].…”

“…A previous investigation [14] showed how the epistemic emotions continually exert numerous operator effects, both linear and nonlinear, on attentional activity and on the ability to perceive goal-path obstacles and to overcome them. Understanding is linked with the appraisal of their ability to influence, with their ability to predict, and with mental flexibility [13,14]. The detected taxonomy of obstacles suggests that the lecturer, as a mediator of knowledge, explicitly takes the nature of backward reasoning underlying the interplay between cognitive and epistemological models.…”