Emotional Stroop performance predicts disorganization in schizophrenia

Phillips, Laura K.; Deldin, Patricia; Voglmaier, Martina M.; Rabbitt, Sarah M.

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2005.02.009

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…They highlighted the poor specificity of general population screening and low prevalence, and suggested that higher thresholds may be needed to reduce false positives. The Prodromal Questionnaire (Loewy, Bearden, Johnson, Raine, & Cannon, 2005), Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief (PQ-B) (Loewy, Pearson, Vinogradov, Bearden, & Cannon, 2011) and PQ-16 were used in 14 of the 34 studies included in their review and produced the most evidence for their "screening utility. " Savill, D'Ambrosio, Cannon, and Loewy (2018) focused their review on the Prodromal Questionnaire and its various iterations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for the at‐risk mental state in educational settings: A systematic review

Howie

Potter

Shannon

et al. 2019

Early Intervention Psych

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Aim: The at-risk mental state (ARMS) allows clinicians to identify individuals who have an increased risk of developing psychosis. At present, most screening for psychosis-risk is carried out within help-seeking populations; however, screening within educational settings may allow clinicians to identify individuals at-risk earlier and to increase the rate of detection. This review aimed to examine screening for the ARMS in educational settings, with the key questions: what screening tools have been used in educational settings, can screening in educational settings detect individuals with ARMS, what threshold scores in screening tools indicate a positive screen in educational settings, are there comorbid mental health conditions associated with the ARMS in educational settings? Methods: Searches were carried out in PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science and reference lists of included articles searched. Results were summarized using narrative synthesis. Results: Nine papers were included for narrative synthesis. A variety of screening tools have been used when screening for the ARMS in educational settings. The majority of studies have been conducted in schools. The prevalence of the ARMS reported in ranges from 1% to 8%. Conclusions: The ARMS indicates the presence of distressing symptoms for which intervention may be beneficial. Screening programmes within educational settings may allow outreach for prodromal symptoms at an earlier stage than clinical settings currently provided for.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for the at‐risk mental state in educational settings: A systematic review

Howie

Potter

Shannon

et al. 2019

Early Intervention Psych

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“…Similarly, GHR individuals show increased emotion interference effects on working memory performance, particularly in male subjects [96], and on emotional Stroop tasks [97]. In schizophrenia, impaired emotional Stroop performance relates to persecutory delusions [98], paranoia [99], and symptoms of disorganization [100]. Additionally, negative affective primes have been shown to negatively bias valence judgments of neutral Fig.…”

Section: Impaired Cognitive Control Of Emotion In Psychosis-spectrum mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maladaptive ER strategies (e.g., suppression, rumination, self-blame, catastrophizing), commonly assessed using the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Reduced ACC and LPFC activation during ECA in anxiety [84]; reduced DLPFC and increased amygdala activation in depression [85] Findings in psychosis-spectrum samples Behavioral Suppression associated with more severe paranoia [87], auditory hallucinations [88], and poorer social functioning [94] Impaired ECA associated with paranoia [99], disorganized symptoms [100], and reduced positive affect [108] Neuroimaging Reduced frontal-limbic connectivity during reappraisal in schizophrenia [103] and PP [104] Reduced LPFC, medial PFC, and ACC activation during ECA in schizophrenia [105] and PP [104] ACC anterior cingulate cortex, BPD borderline personality disorder, CERQ Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, DLPFC dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, ECA emotion conflict adaptation, ER emotion regulation, LPFC lateral prefrontal cortex, PFC prefrontal cortex, PP psychosis proneness Questionnaire (CERQ) [75], are increasingly recognized as vulnerability factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of psychopathology [28], particularly disorders characterized by affective instability, such as anxiety [76], depression [77,78], and substance use [79]. Similarly, impaired performance on ECA paradigms requiring inhibition of irrelevant negative emotional stimuli has been observed in depression [80], anxiety [81], borderline personality disorder [82], and those at risk for developing a mood disorder [83].…”

Section: Relevance Of Cognitive Control Of Emotion To Transdiagnosticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond “Cold” Cognition: Exploring Cognitive Control of Emotion as a Risk Factor for Psychosis

Tully

Niendam

2014

Curr Behav Neurosci Rep

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The past 20 years of research examining psychosis risk factors has predominantly focused on "cold" cognitive (i.e., non-affective) processes. Despite identification of potential cognitive and associated brain-based vulnerability markers, our ability to identify those individuals at highest risk for future psychosis has not substantially improved. Consequently, researchers have begun to examine emotionprocessing deficits as potential psychosis vulnerability markers. Here we propose that a particular emotionprocessing domain, cognitive control of emotion, is a potential transdiagnostic mechanism underlying the heterogeneity of clinical presentation and psychosocial impairments observed in high-risk populations. Recent investigations indicate impaired cognitive control of emotion is observable across the psychosis spectrum and relates to important clinical and psychosocial outcomes relevant to the high-risk state. Moreover, preliminary evidence indicates treatment interventions aimed at improving cognitive control of emotion could reduce psychotic symptoms and improve functioning. We highlight gaps in current knowledge and propose five key avenues for future investigations.

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“…There have been promising findings in patient populations, where the emotional Stroop task has been shown to be sensitive in individuals with deficits in emotional processing (Williams et al, 1996; Bar-Haim et al, 2007). Behavioral studies investigating the emotional Stroop in persons with schizophrenia have shown overall significant emotional interference effects in these patients (Phillips et al, 2005; Mohanty et al, 2008; Strauss et al, 2008; Besnier et al, 2011, 2009) (exception Demily et al, 2010). In particular, performance in persons with schizotypy (Mohanty et al, 2008) and schizophrenia (Phillips et al, 2005) differed from healthy controls by means of increased RTs predominantly for the emotional valence of negative words.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Behavioral studies investigating the emotional Stroop in persons with schizophrenia have shown overall significant emotional interference effects in these patients (Phillips et al, 2005; Mohanty et al, 2008; Strauss et al, 2008; Besnier et al, 2011, 2009) (exception Demily et al, 2010). In particular, performance in persons with schizotypy (Mohanty et al, 2008) and schizophrenia (Phillips et al, 2005) differed from healthy controls by means of increased RTs predominantly for the emotional valence of negative words. Based on these behavioral studies, we hypothesized that subjects with high subclinical psychotic symptoms would also exhibit increased RTs to words with emotional valence; we expected this contrast to be prominent for words with emotionally negative valence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Response Time, Cortical, and Cardiac Correlates during Emotional Interference in Persons with Subclinical Psychotic Symptoms

Holper

Aleksandrowicz

Müller

et al. 2016

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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A psychosis phenotype can be observed below the threshold of clinical detection. The study aimed to investigate whether subclinical psychotic symptoms are associated with deficits in controlling emotional interference, and whether cortical brain and cardiac correlates of these deficits can be detected using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). A data set derived from a community sample was obtained from the Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services. 174 subjects (mean age 29.67 ± 6.41, 91 females) were assigned to four groups ranging from low to high levels of subclinical psychotic symptoms (derived from the Symptom Checklist-90-R). Emotional interference was assessed using the emotional Stroop task comprising neutral, positive, and negative conditions. Statistical distributional methods based on delta plots [behavioral response time (RT) data] and quantile analysis (fNIRS data) were applied to evaluate the emotional interference effects. Results showed that both interference effects and disorder-specific (i.e., group-specific) effects could be detected, based on behavioral RTs, cortical hemodynamic signals (brain correlates), and heart rate variability (cardiac correlates). Subjects with high compared to low subclinical psychotic symptoms revealed significantly reduced amplitudes in dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (interference effect, p < 0.001) and middle temporal gyrus (disorder-specific group effect, p < 0.001), supported by behavioral and heart rate results. The present findings indicate that distributional analyses methods can support the detection of emotional interference effects in the emotional Stroop. The results suggested that subjects with high subclinical psychosis exhibit enhanced emotional interference effects. Based on these observations, subclinical psychosis may therefore prove to represent a valid extension of the clinical psychosis phenotype.

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Emotional Stroop performance predicts disorganization in schizophrenia

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Screening for the at‐risk mental state in educational settings: A systematic review

Screening for the at‐risk mental state in educational settings: A systematic review

Beyond “Cold” Cognition: Exploring Cognitive Control of Emotion as a Risk Factor for Psychosis

Distribution of Response Time, Cortical, and Cardiac Correlates during Emotional Interference in Persons with Subclinical Psychotic Symptoms

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