Screening for the at‐risk mental state in educational settings: A systematic review

Howie, Clare; Potter, Claire; Shannon, Ciarán; Davidson, Gavin; Mulholland, Ciaran

doi:10.1111/eip.12926

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(113 reference statements)

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“…The prevalence of ARMS + adolescents in our sample (26%) was higher than previously reported [6,29]. It can be attributed to the sampling bias, subjects with subtle symptoms are more prone to participate in testing.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

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Clinical and Functional Outcomes of At-Risk Mental State Among Non-Help Seeking Adolescents

Švancer¹,

Dorazilová²,

Voráčková³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: At-risk mental state (ARMS) individuals are at high risk to develop psychosis. In addition to attenuated symptoms, ARMS is associated with cognitive and functional impairment. The findings are mostly based on research in help-seeking at-risk population. Our study aim was to explore prevalence rates of ARMS, comorbidities, functioning, and cognitive performance among non-help seeking adolescents. Patients and methods: Study subjects were randomly selected high school adolescents. At-risk mental state was assessed with Comprehensive Assessment of At Risk Mental States interview (CAARMS). Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia examined comorbidities. Social functioning and quality of life were measured with Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) and KIDSCREEN 52. Cognitive performance in the domains of visual memory, verbal memory, working memory, and processing speed was assessed with a battery of cognitive tests Results: The total of 82 adolescents was enrolled, 21 of them met the ARMS criteria. No case of threshold psychotic disorder was detected in the study sample. Subthreshold mental disorders were more frequent in the ARMS+ group than in the ARMS- group (OR= 3.05; 95%CI 1.07, 8.67; p=0.03). Lower SOFAS scores were observed in the ARMS+ group compared to the ARMS- group (t= -3.888; p<.001; Cohen’s d = 0.99). In the total sample, CAARMS symptoms intensity was negatively associated with the SOFAS score (β = -.51; R2 = 0.26; p<.001). No significant differences in the KIDSCREEN-52 scores or cognitive functioning were found between the groups. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that non-help seeking adolescents with at-risk mental state have worse level of functioning compared to controls and higher rates of non-psychotic psychiatric comorbidities. Reduction in functioning is negatively associated with the severity of their subsyndromal psychotic symptoms.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

“…Since the ARMS was developed for a population of help-seeking individuals, the data on prevalence of the ARMS status in general population are rather scarce [5]. A recent systematic review of nine studies with non-help seeking individuals indicated ARMS prevalence of 1 to 8%, depending on the questionnaire used [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Functional Outcomes of At-Risk Mental State Among Non-Help Seeking Adolescents

Švancer¹,

Dorazilová²,

Voráčková³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Over the last years, the focus of psychosis research has increasingly shifted to non-clinical populations [ 24 ], as authors have argued that systematic and standardized screening for PE could be feasible in community and educational settings [ 25 – 27 ]. One of the most frequently used screening tools is the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) [ 28 ], which was created following the theoretical framework of the extended subclinical psychosis phenotype [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences-Positive scale (CAPE-P15) accurately classifies and differentiates psychotic experience levels in adolescents from the general population

et al. 2021

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Background There is increasing interest in studying psychotic symptoms in non-clinical populations, with the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences-Positive scale (CAPE-P15) being one of the self-screening questionnaires used most commonly for this purpose. Further research is needed to evaluate the ability of the scale to accurately identify and classify positive psychotic experiences (PE) in the general population. Aim To provide psychometric evidence about the accuracy of the CAPE-P15 for detecting PE in a sample of Chilean adolescents from the general population and classifying them according to their PE severity levels. Method We administered the CAPE-P15 to a general sample of 1594 students aged 12 to 19. Based on Item Response Theory (IRT), we tested the accuracy of the instrument using two main parameters: difficulty and discrimination power of the 15 items. Results We found that the scale provides very accurate information about PE, particularly for high PE levels. The items with the highest capability to determine the presence of the latent trait were those assessing perceptual anomalies (auditory and visual hallucinations), bizarre experiences (a double has taken the place of others; being controlled by external forces), and persecutory ideation (conspiracy against me). Conclusions The CAPE-P15 is an accurate and suitable tool to screen PE and to accurately classify and differentiate PE levels in adolescents from the general population. Further research is needed to better understand how maladaptive psychological mechanisms influence relationships between PE and suicidal ideation (SI) in the general population.

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“…Loewy et al, 2011) has also been developed. The authors have chosen to use the PQ‐16 in this population as it balanced the greatest sensitivity and specificity and positive predictive values in previous non‐help‐seeking populations (Howie et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Structure of the Prodromal Questionnaire‐16 (PQ‐16): Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in a general non‐help‐seeking population sample

Howie

Hanna

Shannon

et al. 2021

Early Intervention Psych

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Aims To examine the structure of the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ‐16) in a non‐help‐seeking population through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Previous studies have not looked at the structure of this self‐report measure outside clinical settings. Methods Participants (n = 1045) were recruited through Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk), and then completed the PQ‐16. The data set was split randomly in two, one being used for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and the other for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A polychoric correlation matrix was created and EFA was used to explore the factor structure of the PQ‐16. Four models were tested through CFA to determine best fit: one, two, three and four‐factor models were all analysed. Results EFA indicated a two‐factor structure in the PQ‐16 in a non‐help‐seeking population (with a mean age = 29.7 years). Factor 1 represented perceptual abnormalities/hallucinations and factor 2 general symptoms associated with psychosis‐risk. CFA indicated that all the proposed models were suitable fits for the dataset. Fit indices for the three‐factor model (factor 1 representing perceptual abnormalities/hallucinations, factor 2 unusual thought content, and factor 3 negative symptom) indicated that it appeared to be a better fit for the data than the one, two, and four factor models. Conclusions This study suggests that a three‐factor model of the PQ‐16 is a better fit than other proposed models in a non‐help‐seeking population. Future research of the structure of the PQ‐16 in this population may benefit from recruiting subjects with a lower mean age than the current study.

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Screening for the at‐risk mental state in educational settings: A systematic review

Cited by 13 publications

References 52 publications

Clinical and Functional Outcomes of At-Risk Mental State Among Non-Help Seeking Adolescents

Clinical and Functional Outcomes of At-Risk Mental State Among Non-Help Seeking Adolescents

The Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences-Positive scale (CAPE-P15) accurately classifies and differentiates psychotic experience levels in adolescents from the general population

The Structure of the Prodromal Questionnaire‐16 (PQ‐16): Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in a general non‐help‐seeking population sample

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