Emotional labor: A conceptualization and scale development

Glomb, Theresa M.; Tews, Michael J.

doi:10.1016/s0001-8791(03)00038-1

Cited by 375 publications

(371 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

316

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…We expected that empathic teachers would engage in the management of emotions at work to a greater extent than their non-empathic colleagues, and thus, would experience higher emotional exhaustion. As hypothesized, emotional exhaustion was positively related to surface acting, which is in concordance with the previous findings [31,33,[39][40][41]. We also found a positive, but weaker correlation between emotional exhaustion and deep acting, which corresponds with the results of the meta-analysis conducted by Bono and Vey [42].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The differences in the consequences of applying the surface and deep acting can be observed in the case of the most prevalent cost of emotional labor, namely emotional exhaustion. Surface acting has been proved to correlate positively with it [31,33,[39][40][41], whereas the relation between emotional exhaustion and deep acting remains unclear. On the one hand, Brotheridge and Grandey [31] theorize that emotion regulation techniques used during deep acting require less energy and resources than the ones used during surface acting, which suggests that they should also be less emotionally exhausting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research has indicated that emotional labor may be associated with negative consequences for the employees' psychological functioning, such as burnout, job dissatisfaction, and high level of stress [17,27,[30][31][32]. The analysis of the literature shows that these problems are related to surface acting in particular, due to the fact that inhibition or suppression of the "true" emotions require more energy and resources than displaying emotions evoked through deep acting strategy [33][34][35]. Some researchers even claim that the consequences of deep acting may not only be less negative, but also beneficial for the employees' well-being [31,32,36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Can empathy lead to emotional exhaustion in teachers? The mediating role of emotional labor

Wróbel¹

2013

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: The present study was designed to examine the links between empathy, emotional labor (both surface and deep acting), and emotional exhaustion as well as determine if emotional labor mediates the relationship between empathy and emotional exhaustion in teachers. It was assumed that emotional labor can take two opposite directions (positive mood induction and negative mood induction). Thus, the additional aim of the study was to analyze the mediating role of mood regulation strategies in the relationship between empathy and emotional exhaustion. Materials and Methods: A sample of 168 teachers from Łódź and its surroundings completed a set of questionnaires: Emotional Labor Scale; Mood Regulation Scales, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and Empathic Sensitivity Scale. Results: The results provided mixed support for the hypotheses indicating that both types of emotional labor, negative mood induction and emotional exhaustion were positively intercorrelated. Moreover, deep acting was a significant mediator in the relationship between empathy and emotional exhaustion. The analyzed link was also mediated by negative mood induction, whereas positive mood induction did not emerge as a significant mediator. Conclusions: The study provided insight into the role of empathy and emotional labor in the development of teacher burnout. It also confirmed that deep acting and negative mood induction mediate the relationship between empathy and emotional exhaustion in teachers.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Can empathy lead to emotional exhaustion in teachers? The mediating role of emotional labor

Wróbel¹

2013

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Interactions with students are considered to be an important source of teacher emotion. Researchers have introduced the concept of emotional labor to describe the emotional demands inherent to the teaching profession (Glomb and Tews 2004;Nias 1996). Chang (2009) synthesizes literature on burnout and emotions to describe teachers' emotional experiences when dealing with disruptive students, thereby emphasizing the importance of teachers' discrete emotions for teachers' wellbeing (e.g., anger, frustration, anxiety, and guilt; for a discussion of discrete positive emotions, see Lazarus 2006).…”

Section: The Effects Of Teachers' Mental Relationship Models On Emotimentioning

confidence: 99%

Teacher Wellbeing: The Importance of Teacher–Student Relationships

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many studies have examined the importance of teacher-student relationships for the development of children. Much less is known, however, about how these relationships impact the professional and personal lives of teachers. This review considers the importance of teacher-student relationships for the wellbeing of teachers starting from the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping of Lazarus (1991). Based on theories on interpersonal relationships, it is postulated that teachers have a basic need for relatedness with the students in their class. It is discussed that teachers internalize experiences with students in representational models of relationships that guide emotional responses in daily interactions with students and change teacher wellbeing in the long run. In addition, the notion of mental representations of relationships at different levels of generalization could offer a window to understand how individual teacher-student relationships may affect the professional and personal self-esteem of teachers. Lastly, it is argued that the influence of student misbehavior on teacher stress may be more fully understood from a relationship perspective. The review shows that few studies have directly tested these propositions and offers suggestions for future research.Keywords Teacher wellbeing . Teacher stress . Teacher-student relationships . Mental representations . Emotions . Behavior problems Insight in teacher wellbeing is important for several reasons. First of all, it adds to the understanding of teacher careers. Knowing factors that are of high concern to teachers is

show abstract

“…Modifications of emotional displays were measured using elements of the emotional labor scale developed by Glomb and Tews (2004). Role stressors were measured using scales reported by Chen, Gully and Eden (2001).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%