Emotional empathy and associated individual differences

Mehrabian, Albert; Young, Andrew L.; Sato, Sharon

doi:10.1007/bf02686670

Cited by 169 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated differences between males and females in regards to empathy, with females performing at a higher level than males. 19,20 This also was evidenced in our study, but raw scores of both male and female students improved. Specifically, male students improved by 14% and female students improved by 9% (repeated measures t test, p , 0.034).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

A Module on Death and Dying to Develop Empathy in Student Pharmacists

Manolakis

Olin

Thornton

et al. 2011

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

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Objective. To implement an integrated module on death and dying into a 15-week bioethics course and determine whether it increased student pharmacists' empathy. Design. Students participated in a 5-week death and dying module that included presentation of the film Wit, an interactive lecture on hospice, and a lecture on the ethics of pain management. Assessment. Fifty-six students completed the 30-item Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale (BEES) before and after completing the module and wrote a reflective essay. Students demonstrated an appreciation of patient-specific values in their essay. Quantitative data collected via BEES scores demonstrated significant improvement in measured empathy. Conclusion. A 5-week instructional model on death and dying significantly increased student empathy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

A Module on Death and Dying to Develop Empathy in Student Pharmacists

Manolakis

Olin

Thornton

et al. 2011

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

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“…[14][15][16] The BEES has a high positive correlation with the original EETS, 17 which suggests that much of the validity of the 1972 EETS can also be attributed to the new BEES. Further additional validation of the BEES and abbreviated BEES has also been published.…”

Section: Questionnaire 2: Balanced Emotional Empathy Scalementioning

confidence: 97%

Attitudes towards mental disorders and emotional empathy in mental health and other healthcare professionals

Gateshill¹,

Kucharska-Pietura²,

Wattis³

2011

Psychiatrist

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Aims and methodTo compare attitudes towards mental disorders in professionals working in mental health and professionals working in different areas of medicine. Levels of emotional empathy in both groups were also investigated. In total, 58 mental healthcare professionals and 60 non-mental healthcare professionals completed our attitudes towards mental disorders questionnaire and Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale.ResultsThe results reveal generally positive attitudes towards people with mental disorders in both groups. Non-mental healthcare professionals regarded people with a mental disorder as significantly more dangerous and unpredictable than did mental healthcare professionals. There was no statistically significant difference in emotional empathy between the two groups. Both groups cited illicit drug use as one of the most significant causes of mental disorder.Clinical implicationsMental healthcare professionals and non-mental healthcare professionals show broadly similar attitudes and a similar degree of empathy towards people with a mental disorder. However, non-mental healthcare professionals regard people with mental health problems as significantly more dangerous and unpredictable. There is scope for further research including examining the effects of educational interventions.

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“…Research has indicated that, from a young age, girls develop empathy earlier and express more empathic behaviors compared with boys (Mehrabian, Young, & Sato, 1988). Therefore, it is not surprising that there are also stable AEL differences between men and women, especially at the sensing stage, where empathic ability is particularly essential.…”

Section: Big-5 Traits Assertiveness and Listening 25mentioning

confidence: 99%