Emotional avoidance: an experimental test of individual differences and response suppression using biological challenge

Feldner, Matthew T.; Zvolensky, Michael J.; Eifert, Georg H.; Spira, Adam P.

doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00020-7

Cited by 269 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Descriptive statistics for this larger sample (M = 33.29, SO = 6.93) were comparable to those reported by Feldner et al (2003) for their college student participants. Because there was no difference in AAQ scores by gender, the same cutting-scores were used to select both male and female participants.…”

Section: Participantssupporting

confidence: 62%

“…For example, experiential avoidance as assessed by the AAa has been shown to be distinct from anxiety sensitivity (Stewart, Zvolensky, & Eiffert, 2001 ;Zvolensky & Forsyth, 2002). Additionally, differences reported by Feldner et al (2003) in affective distress between their low and high avoidance groups during carbon dioxide inhalation occurred in the absence of any significant difference between them in levels of physiological arousal. The cumulative research to date thus suggests that expected differences that have been obtained between low and high experientially avoidant participants in their response to challenges, sLlch as the cold pressor task and carbon dioxide inhalation, cannot be attributed to corresponding differences in sensitivity to private events induoed by these challenges.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Recently, however, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ; Hayes, Strosahl, et aI., 2004) has been developed as a preliminary self-report measure of experiential avoidance. Using the AAQ to assess individual differences in levels of experiential avoidance , Feldner, Zvolensky, Eifert, and Spira (2003) reported findings supportive of its conceptualized role within an acceptance-based approach to psychopathology and its treatment. College students who scored at the extremes on the AAQ (at least one standard deviation above or below an aggregate mean) were subjected to inhalations of carbon dioxide-enriched air while instructed to either merely observe or actively inhibit any resulting unwanted feelings and sensations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…For one, pain is generally an unwanted psychological experience that most individuals attempt to avoid or escape from when possible, even often under circumstances in which doing so results in greater painful, albeit delayed, consequences (e.g., postponing dental care). Secondly, the painful sensations induced by the cold pressor task, while unwanted, are distinctly different than those created by Feldner et al (2003) during their carbon dioxide challenge (e.g., heart racing, sweaty palms, dizziness, etc.). Thus results that parallel theirs would provide additional support for the construct validity of the AAQ and further implicate experiential avoidance as a robust pathogenic process as suggested by Hayes et al (1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Differential Strategies in Coping with Pain as a Function of Level of Experiential Avoidance

et al. 2005

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Section: Participantssupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

mentioning

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Differential Strategies in Coping with Pain as a Function of Level of Experiential Avoidance

et al. 2005

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“…We were able to locate only two previous reports with nonclinical samples (Eifert & Heffner, 2003;Feldner, Zvolensky, Eifert, & Spira, 2003) that have compared control-versus acceptance-based approaches for coping with challenges that would be analogous to those faced by clients who struggle with anxiety. Participants in both of these studies inhaled carbon dioxideenriched air, designed to induce panic-like symptoms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting Fear of Spiders with Control-, Acceptance-, and Information-Based Approaches

Wagener

Zettle

2011

Psychol Rec

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The relative impact of control-, acceptance-, and information-based approaches in targeting a midlevel fear of spiders among college students was evaluated. Participants listened to a brief protocol presenting one of the three approaches before completing the Perceived-Threat Behavioral Approach Test (PT-BAT; Cochrane, Barnes-Holmes, & BarnesHolmes, 2008). During the PT-BAT, participants placed their hands in a series of opaque jars that they were led to believe were increasingly likely to contain a spider. Participants in the acceptance-based condition progressed the farthest and were more willing to repeat the procedure a week later, despite not differing from their counterparts in levels of subjective distress. Implications for the relative efficacy of acceptance-versus control-based approaches in treatment of specific phobia, their possible differential mechanisms of action, and the use of the PT-BAT as a dependent measure in further research are discussed.Key words: arachnophobia, acceptance and commitment therapy, avoidance Arguably one of the more noteworthy developments within cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) during the past two decades has been the emergence of what have come to be regarded as "third wave" or "new wave" interventions (Hayes, 2004). What primarily distinguishes these approaches-such as mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (Segal, Williams, & Teasdale, 2002), dialectical behavior therapy (Linehan, 1993), and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT; Hayes, Strosahl, & Wilson, 1999)-from earlier generations of cognitive behavior therapies is their shared strategic focus on second-order change. In particular, instead of relying on control-based therapeutic techniques such as relaxation training, cognitive restructuring, and exposure procedures to directly minimize unwanted anxiety-related sensations and thoughts (Choy, Fyer, & Lipsitz, 2007), emphasis is shifted to the ways in which clients relate to unwanted psychological experiences. One common means of doing so among interventions within the third wave of cognitive behavior therapy is by helping clients become more mindful and accepting 78WAgEnER AnD ZETTLE of unwanted thoughts and feelings they would otherwise seek to control (Hayes, Follette, & Linehan, 2004).The development of ACT, in particular, is fairly unique as it has been both preceded and accompanied by related analogue studies comparing the effects of fairly brief control-versus acceptance-based approaches in how nonclinical samples cope with and respond to various psychological as well as biological challenges and stressors (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, & Lillis, 2006). The primary purpose of the current investigation was to extend this line of research by comparing the differential impact of these two approaches, as well as an information-based intervention, in how participants respond to a feared stimulus. More specifically, college students were presented with brief control-, acceptance-, or information-based protocols for coping with their midlevel fear of spiders before unde...

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Emotion Regulation and CBT

Papa¹,

Boland²,

Sewell³

2012

Cognitive Behavior Therapy

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Emotional avoidance: an experimental test of individual differences and response suppression using biological challenge

Cited by 269 publications

References 12 publications

Differential Strategies in Coping with Pain as a Function of Level of Experiential Avoidance

Differential Strategies in Coping with Pain as a Function of Level of Experiential Avoidance

Targeting Fear of Spiders with Control-, Acceptance-, and Information-Based Approaches

Emotion Regulation and CBT

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