Emotion regulation and emotion coherence: Evidence for strategy-specific effects.

Dan-Glauser, Elise S.; Gross, James J.

doi:10.1037/a0032672

Cited by 75 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…This finding may be interpreted within the context of a growing literature suggesting that humans may have the capacity to invoke substantive influence over the nature of their neural responses to specific stimulus types, including emotionally-valent pictures [15], [31], pain [32], stimuli that evoke craving [33], and during the processing of happy memories [34]. The ability to modulate neural activity to negative feedback may have particularly practical implications, however.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Voluntary Modulation of Anterior Cingulate Response to Negative Feedback

Shane

Weywadt

2014

PLoS ONE

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Anterior cingulate and medial frontal cortex (dACC/mFC) response to negative feedback represents the actions of a generalized error-monitoring system critical for the management of goal-directed behavior. Magnitude of dACC/mFC response to negative feedback correlates with levels of post-feedback behavioral change, and with proficiency of operant learning processes. With this in mind, it follows that an ability to alter dACC/mFC response to negative feedback may lead to representative changes in operant learning proficiency. To this end, the present study investigated the extent to which healthy individuals would show modulation of their dACC/mFC response when instructed to try to either maximize or minimize their neural response to the presentation of contingent negative feedback. Participants performed multiple runs of a standard time-estimation task, during which they received feedback regarding their ability to accurately estimate a one-second duration. On Watch runs, participants were simply instructed to try to estimate as closely as possible the one second duration. On Increase and Decrease runs, participants performed the same task, but were instructed to “try to increase [decrease] their brain's response every time they received negative feedback”. Results indicated that participants showed changes in dACC/mFC response under these differing instructional conditions: dACC/mFC activity following negative feedback was higher in the Increase condition, and dACC activity trended lower in the Decrease condition, compared to the Watch condition. Moreover, dACC activity correlated with post-feedback performance adjustments, and these adjustments were highest in the Increase condition. Potential implications for neuromodulation and facilitated learning are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Voluntary Modulation of Anterior Cingulate Response to Negative Feedback

Shane

Weywadt

2014

PLoS ONE

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“…Fourth, stimuli representing different discrete negative emotions show a moderate degree of temporal coherence between subjective and neurophysiological responses, such that both phenomenon tend to unfold on similar time courses [29]. Recent evidence suggests that emotion regulation strategies may disrupt this temporal coherence between physiological and subjective responses [30]; however, some strategies are more prone to disrupt coherence than others (e.g., suppression > acceptance). It is unclear whether successful emotion regulation requires disruption of the coherence of emotion responses across subjective, physiological, and behavioral domains or if some strategies are more effective than others because they cause such disruption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reappraisal and Distraction Emotion Regulation Strategies Are Associated with Distinct Patterns of Visual Attention and Differing Levels of Cognitive Demand

2016

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Multiple emotion regulation strategies have been identified and found to differ in their effectiveness at decreasing negative emotions. One reason for this might be that individual strategies are associated with differing levels of cognitive demand and require distinct patterns of visual attention to achieve their effects. In the current study, we tested this hypothesis in a sample of psychiatrically healthy participants (n = 25) who attempted to down-regulate negative emotion to photographs from the International Affective Picture System using cognitive reappraisal or distraction. Eye movements, pupil dilation, and subjective reports of negative emotionality were obtained for reappraisal, distraction, unpleasant passive viewing, and neutral passive viewing conditions. Behavioral results indicated that reappraisal and distraction successfully decreased self-reported negative affect relative to unpleasant passive viewing. Successful down regulation of negative affect was associated with different patterns of visual attention across regulation strategies. During reappraisal, there was an initial increase in dwell time to arousing scene regions and a subsequent shift away from these regions during later portions of the trial, whereas distraction was associated with reduced total dwell time to arousing interest areas throughout the entire stimulus presentation. Pupil dilation was greater for reappraisal than distraction or unpleasant passive viewing, suggesting that reappraisal may recruit more effortful cognitive control processes. Furthermore, greater decreases in self-reported negative emotion were associated with a lower proportion of dwell time within arousing areas of interest. These findings suggest that different emotion regulation strategies necessitate different patterns of visual attention to be effective and that individual differences in visual attention predict the extent to which individuals can successfully decrease negative emotion using reappraisal and distraction.

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“…Although some studies have indicated that acceptance leads to decreases in negative emotions, relative to other experimental groups (Levitt, Brown, Orsillo, & Barlow, 2004; Wolgast et al, 2011), others have found no differences (Dan-Glauser & Gross, 2013; Dunn, Billotti, Murphy, & Dagleish, 2009). Indeed, a meta-analysis of laboratory studies of emotion regulation found that acceptance does not exert a reliable effect on negative emotions (Kohl, Rief, & Glombiewski, 2012).…”

Section: Acceptancementioning

confidence: 94%

Cognitive reappraisal and acceptance: Effects on emotion, physiology, and perceived cognitive costs.

Troy

Shallcross

Brunner

et al. 2018

Emotion

181

159

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Two emotion regulation strategies—cognitive reappraisal and acceptance—are both associated with beneficial psychological health outcomes over time. However, it remains unclear whether these 2 strategies are associated with differential consequences for emotion, physiology, or perceived cognitive costs in the short-term. The present study used a within-subjects design to examine the effects of reappraisal (reframing one’s thoughts) and acceptance (accepting feelings without trying to control or judge them) on the subjective experience of negative emotions, positive emotions, and physiological responses during and following recovery from sad film clips shown in the laboratory. Participants also reported on perceived regulatory effort, difficulty, and success after deploying each emotion regulation strategy. In 2 samples of participants (N = 142), reappraisal (vs. acceptance) was associated with larger decreases in negative and larger increases in positive emotions, both during the film clips and recovery period. However, acceptance was perceived as less difficult to deploy than reappraisal, and was associated with a smaller dampening of skin conductance level (indicating more successful regulation) during the film clips in 1 sample. These results suggest that reappraisal and acceptance may exert differential short-term effects: Whereas reappraisal is more effective for changing subjective experiences in the short term, acceptance may be less difficult to deploy and be more effective at changing one’s physiological response. Thus, these 2 strategies may both be considered “effective” for different reasons.

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Emotion regulation and emotion coherence: Evidence for strategy-specific effects.

Cited by 75 publications

References 49 publications

Voluntary Modulation of Anterior Cingulate Response to Negative Feedback

Voluntary Modulation of Anterior Cingulate Response to Negative Feedback

Reappraisal and Distraction Emotion Regulation Strategies Are Associated with Distinct Patterns of Visual Attention and Differing Levels of Cognitive Demand

Cognitive reappraisal and acceptance: Effects on emotion, physiology, and perceived cognitive costs.

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