Emotion and self-awareness

Salzen, Eric A.

doi:10.1016/s0168-1591(98)00104-x

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The "simplest" of the cognitive processes that may characterize sentience involves being aware of internal and external stimuli (Duncan, 1996;Salzen, 1998). This cognitive ability has also been defined as conscious cognition (Århem and Liljenström, 1997), and, according to some authors, is dependent upon the development of primary consciousness (Lindahl, 1997;Edelman and Tononi, 2000).…”

Section: Cognitive Abilities Of Sentient Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Awareness of internal and external states is probably not an all or none phenomenon, but rather is "graded" (Salzen, 1998) or limited to a range of subject matter appropriate for the animal's ecology (Griffin, 1998). The question of what are the fundamental underlying neural mechanisms of affect is highly debatable (Rolls, 2000).…”

Section: Motivational Affective Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can fish suffer?: perspectives on sentience, pain, fear and stress

Chandroo

Duncan

Moccia

2004

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

338

165

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In contrast to other major forms of livestock agriculture, there is a paucity of scientific information on the welfare of fish raised under intensive aquacultural conditions. This reflects an adherence to the belief that these animals have not evolved the salient biological characteristics that are hypothesised to permit sentience. In this review, we evaluate the scientific evidence for the existence of sentience in fish, and in particular, their ability to experience pain, fear and psychological stress. Teleost fish are considered to have marked differences in some aspects of brain structure and organization as compared to tetrapods, yet they simultaneously demonstrate functional similarities and a level of cognitive development suggestive of sentience. Anatomical, pharmacological and behavioural data suggest that affective states of pain, fear and stress are likely to be experienced by fish in similar ways as in tetrapods. This implies that fish have the capacity to suffer, and that welfare consideration for farmed fish should take these states into account. We suggest that the concept of animal welfare can be applied legitimately to fish. It is therefore appropriate to recognize and study the welfare of farmed fish.

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Section: Cognitive Abilities Of Sentient Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Motivational Affective Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can fish suffer?: perspectives on sentience, pain, fear and stress

Chandroo

Duncan

Moccia

2004

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

338

165

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“…Numerous reviews have extensively detailed the work performed in fish welfare (Fraser 1993, Lehman 1998, Salzen 1998, Balon 2000, Broom 2001, Désiré et al 2002, Rose 2002, Rushen 2003, Chandroo et al 2004, Conte 2004, Sandoe et al 2004, Hastein et al 2005, Dawkins 2006a,b, Duncan 2006, Huntingford et al 2006, Veissier & Boissy 2006. Therefore, this review will focus mainly on the direction of future research on this issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the concept of fish welfare

Volpato¹,

Gonçalves-de-Freitas²,

Fernandes-de-Castilho³

2007

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Fish welfare issues are predicated on understanding whether fish are sentient beings. Therefore, we analyzed the logic of the methodologies used for studying this attribute. We conclude that empirical science is unable to prove or to disprove that fish are sentient beings. Thus, we propose a combined ethical-scientific approach for considering fish as sentient beings. The most difficult ongoing question is to determine which conditions fish prefer. Approaches to assess fish preferences should be rigorously and cautiously employed. In light of these considerations, attempts to establish physiological standards for fish welfare are discouraged, and a preference-based definition of fish welfare is proposed.

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Self-Awareness

Rungapadiachy¹

2008

Self-Awareness in Health Care

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Emotion and self-awareness

Cited by 14 publications

References 36 publications

Can fish suffer?: perspectives on sentience, pain, fear and stress

Can fish suffer?: perspectives on sentience, pain, fear and stress

Insights into the concept of fish welfare

Self-Awareness

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