Emojis and Law: contextualized flexibility of meaning in cyber communication

Wagner, Anne; Marusek, Sarah; Yu, Wei

doi:10.1080/10350330.2020.1731198

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Participants of video conferences speak less and tend to view communication partners as less warm than F2F interactions (Koseki et al, 2020). Recent research finds that using emojis in CMC, while initially thought to improve message clarity, may contribute to miscommunication due to individuals’ interpretation of the emoji’s form, color, and context (Wagner et al, 2020). Thus, existing empirical research suggests that social cues and contextual information missing from CMC increase ambiguity for virtual employees.…”

Section: Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ambiguity regarding standards for virtual behaviors and activities accompanies the release of each new technology. For example, recent research shows that using emoticons in CMC adds ambiguity and increases the likelihood of miscommunication (Wagner et al, 2020). CMC innovation also increases anonymity and (un)accountability by providing new ways for perpetrators to hide their identity and/or online activity.…”

Section: Future Research Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virtual work conditions impact negative work behaviors via ambiguity, anonymity, and (un)accountability: An integrative review.

Keating,

Cullen-Lester,

Meuser

2024

Journal of Applied Psychology

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Negative work behavior (NWB) occurs with concerning frequency in virtual work environments. Despite their prevalence and a substantial, multidisciplinary research literature on virtual negative behaviors in general, we lack clear answers regarding if, how, and why conditions differentiating virtual (i.e., computer-mediated) from face-to-face (F2F) work impact perpetrators', victims', and bystanders' involvement in NWB. These questions remain because of an assumed isomorphism (i.e., identical form) within the literature on NWB in F2F and virtual work. We explain why we cannot assume that what is known about perpetrator engagement, victim experience, and bystander intervention from studying F2F NWB applies uniformly to virtual negative work behavior (VNWB). Specifically, we identify how eight conditions of the virtual workplace facilitate three psychological enablers (i.e., ambiguity, anonymity, and (un)accountability) of perpetrators', victims', and bystanders' involvement in VNWB. In doing so, this integrative conceptual review advances a coherent understanding of what is (un)known about VNWB, integrates fragmented theoretical literature, and guides practical intervention. Importantly, we identify limitations of existing research practices that threaten the validity and generalizability of empirical findings. If not addressed, these issues will continue to undermine theoretical development and empirical investigations of F2F NWB and VNWB. Finally, this review points to new areas of inquiry that will meaningfully advance the understanding of NWB in the modern, increasingly virtual workplace.

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Section: Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Future Research Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual work conditions impact negative work behaviors via ambiguity, anonymity, and (un)accountability: An integrative review.

Keating,

Cullen-Lester,

Meuser

2024

Journal of Applied Psychology

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“…Due to their function as emotional signals [6,7] adding a sentimental information to a written text, sentiment analysis or emotion identification is one application field within computer science [7,9,[12][13][14][15][16][17], which, among other things, led to the result that the utilization of emojis helps to improve sentiment scores [18,19]. Other research questions related to emojis are of semantic origin and explore their meaning and use [14,[20][21][22]. Studies with a focus on communication examine how emojis are interpreted, what they convey and what influencing factors need to be taken into account here [11,[23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emojis as Contextual Indicants in Location-Based Social Media Posts

Hauthal

Dunkel

Burghardt

2021

IJGI

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The presented study aims to investigate the relationship between the use of emojis in location-based social media and the location of the corresponding post in terms of perceived objects and conducted activities connected to this place. The basis for this is not a purely frequency-based assessment, but a specifically introduced measure called typicality. To evaluate the typicality measure and examine the assumption that emojis are contextual indicants, a dataset of worldwide geotagged posts from Instagram relating to sunset and sunrise events is used, converted to a privacy-aware version based on a Hyperloglog approach. Results suggest that emojis can often provide more nuanced information about user activities and the surrounding environment than is possible with hashtags. Thus, emojis may be suitable for identifying less obvious characteristics and the sense of a place. Emojis are already explored in research, but mainly for sentiment analysis, for semantic studies or as part of emoji prediction. In contrast, this work provides novel insights into the user’s spatial or activity context by applying the typicality measure and therefore considers emojis contextual indicants.

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“…However, text cannot reduce the ambiguity of an emoji to readers due to the presence of irony. [10] Cultural context is another significant factor to be considered. It shapes the shared knowledge of people and determines how individuals perceive each visual element.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pragmatic Functions of Emoji on Chinese Social Media

Zeng¹

2023

BCPEP

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Emojis, expressive symbols on social media, gained popularity due to its convenience and versatility. This paper explores the pragmatic functions of four specific emojis (doge, smile, funny face, love) from comments on Bilibili and Weibo. A corpus of 229 comments is created through manual collection and crawler, and annotated according to the intext functions of the emojis. The results show that the four emojis are mainly used as “external tonal complements” and used for friendliness or joking, which can be explained by the renderings of the emojis. Furthermore, the friendly-looking love emoji and smile emoji also have occasional uses for sarcasm. Emojis used mainly for joking have softening uses, while emojis used mainly for friendliness are found to have sarcastic uses instead of softening uses. A possible cause of these negative uses is the censorship in Chinese social media. The research serves as a basis for Chinese emoji uses research of greater scale and provides insight for sentiment analysis with emojis.

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Emojis and Law: contextualized flexibility of meaning in cyber communication

Cited by 23 publications

References 23 publications

Virtual work conditions impact negative work behaviors via ambiguity, anonymity, and (un)accountability: An integrative review.

Virtual work conditions impact negative work behaviors via ambiguity, anonymity, and (un)accountability: An integrative review.

Emojis as Contextual Indicants in Location-Based Social Media Posts

Pragmatic Functions of Emoji on Chinese Social Media

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