Emodiversity and biomarkers of inflammation.

Abstract

There is growing evidence that inflammatory responses may help to explain how emotions get “under the skin” to influence disease susceptibility. Moving beyond examination of individuals’ average level of emotion, this study examined how the breadth and relative abundance of emotions that individuals experience— emodiversity—is related to systemic inflammation. Using diary data from 175 adults aged 40 to 65 who provided end-of-day reports of their positive and negative emotions over 30 days, we found that greater diversity in day-to-day positive emotions was associated with lower circulating levels of inflammation (indicated by IL-6, CRP, fibrinogen), independent of mean levels of positive and negative emotions, body mass index, anti-inflammatory medications, medical conditions, personality, and demographics. No significant associations were observed between global or negative emodiversity and inflammation. These findings highlight the unique role daily positive emotions play in biological health.

Are Rich and Diverse Emotions Beneficial? The Impact of Emodiversity on Tourists’ Experiences

“…The second aspect is emotional granularity, showing that individuals are capable of capturing specific emotions and labeling their experiences with precise and specific emotion words, rather than merely describing experiences as globally pleasant or unpleasant (Kashdan, Barrett, and McKnight 2015). Drawn on the above two aspects of emotional complexity, researchers recently proposed the construct of emodiversity, and have begun to examine how it shapes and influences people's behaviors (e.g., Benson et al 2017;Ong et al 2018;Quoidbach et al 2014).…”

“…Emodiversity serves a variety of functions. First, diverse and specific emotions can provide more accurately informational value than global affective states (Kashdan, Barrett, and McKnight 2015;Ong et al 2018), which may regulate behaviors to optimally deal with the specific affective situations (Keltner and Gross 1999). Furthermore, according to affective habituation, people's responses decline after being repeatedly exposed to the same emotional stimuli.…”

Affective processes as mediators of links between close relationships and physical health

“…One promising affective process for illuminating relationship–health pathways is emodiversity , the breadth and relative abundance of different emotions that individuals experience. Emodiversity predicts lower inflammation beyond the effects of mean levels of NA and PA (Benson, Ram, Almeida, Zautra, & Ong, ; Ong, Benson, Zautra, & Ram, ; Quoidbach et al, ). No published studies to date have investigated links between close relationships and emodiversity, but there is reason to believe they may be linked; for example, individuals who perceive their partner to be responsive may be more likely to experience greater breadth of positive emotions, which could in turn have associations with better health outcomes.…”

Effects of Bio-Psycho-Socio-Spiritual Factors on Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Inflammation in Elderly Indonesian Muslim

“…The TGF- in this research is influenced by biological factors and body mass index due to increasing levels of hs-CRP through levels of IL-6 which triggers the liver to produce further CRP. [67] In other studies, obese subjects carried out high-intensity exercise which increased ICAM-1 levels. 64 Clinical conditions that affect TGF- levels are post-traumatic stress disorders [PTSD].…”