Abstract:Background: The evaluation of bio-psycho-socio-spiritual factors on cardiovascular inflammatory biomarkers has not been widely studied in Indonesia. Accumulated evidence that biological, psychosocial and spiritual factors were related to the incidence, severity and cure of cardiovascular disease through psycho-neuro-immunological pathways. Objective: This study was conducted to analyze the effect of biopsycho-socio-spiritual factors on cardiovascular risk and inflammatory biomarkers. Subjects and Methods: A to… Show more
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