Emodin alleviated pulmonary inflammation in rats with LPS-induced acute lung injury through inhibiting the mTOR/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway

Natural product derived phytochemicals in managing acute lung injury by multiple mechanisms

“… Compounds Structure In vitro/in vivo Model (effective dose) Cells (effective concentration) Related pharmacological indicators Related molecular mechanisms Refs. Chrysophanol 126 Paraquat (10 mg/kg) TNF-α↓ IL-1β↓ IL-6↓ MDA↓ SOD↑ Activation of PPAR-γ Inactivation of NF-κB signaling pathway [ 354 ] Emodin 127 Pancreatitis/Cigarette smoke/LPS (20 mg/kg) RAW 264.7 (20 μM) MPO↓ TNF-α↓ IL-1β↓ IL-6↓ NO↓ Inhibition of mTOR/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway Up-regulation of AQP1, AQP5 and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway [ [355] , [356] , [357] , [358] , [359] , [360] , [361] ] Rhein 128 RSV (120 mg/kg) TNF-α↓ IL-1β↓ IL-6↓ IL-18↓ IL-33↓ Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signaling pathway [ 362 ] Aloe-emodin 129 USA300 MRSA (100 mg/kg) A549/MH-S (16 μg/mL) LDH↓ Suppression of pore-forming activity of α-toxin [ 363 ] Aloin 130 LPS (12.4 mg/kg) HUVECs (100 μM) TNF-α↓IL1-β↓ iNOS↓ NO↓ COX2↓ Activation of HO-1/ Nrf2 signaling pathway Inactivation of NF-κB and STAT-1 signaling pathway [ 364 ] Shikonin 131 LPS (25 mg/kg) THP‐1/MPMs (2.5 μM) MLE‐12 (50 μg/mL) MPO↓ TNF-α↓ IL-1β↓ IL-6↓ COX-2↓ iNOS↓ ICAM-1↓ MCP-1↓ Disruption of the MD2–TLR4 complex Inhibition of MAPK and miRNA-140−5p/TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways [ [365] , ...…”

“…Lung protective effects of 10 mg/kg emodin and 1 mg/kg DEX were comparable. Emodin effectively inhibited LPS-induced ALI through reactivating autophagy, suppressing the mTOR/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway and inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway [ [355] , [356] , [357] ]. Additionally, emodin also protected against acute pancreatitis‑induced ALI by decreasing expression of pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor, promoting alveolar epithelial barrier function, enhancing PMN apoptosis and up-regulating expressions of AQP1 and AQP5 [ 358 , 359 ].…”

Identification of the active compounds and pharmacological mechanisms of Xiaoqinglong decoction for asthma based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology

“…Quercetin inhibits the PI3K-Akt signal pathway by inhibiting the expression of AKT1, thus reducing the release of in ammatory mediators, alleviating airway hyperresponsiveness and delaying airway remodeling [43]. Hypoxia inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a) plays an important role in immune and in ammatory response [44,45]. Activation of HIF-1a during in ammation can enhance the expression of VEGF and promote airway angiogenesis in patients with asthma [46].…”

Mechanism of Protective Effect of Xuan-Bai-Cheng-Gi Decoction on LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury Based on an Integrated Network Pharmacology and RNA-Sequencing Approach

“…It could regulate mTOR, an important serine threonine protease, to decreases the pulmonary in ammatory injuries such as barrier destruction, pulmonary edema, and airway in ammation through regulating cell survival under oxidative stress and preventing against in ammation responses [42][43][44]. Recently, HIF-1α is considered as an in ammation switch which could positive regulated by mTOR [39]. Moreover, it could promote the expression of VEGF, which promotes bronchoalveolar vascular permeability and leads to pulmonary edema in ALI [45].…”

“…The protein expression levels of p-PI3K, p-mTOR, HIF-1α, and VEGF in lung tissues were measured by western blot analysis. In brief, lung tissue samples were harvested and homogenized to extract the protein, which was quanti ed as described previously [39]. The same amount of protein was separated using electrophoresis and voltage transmembrane potential.…”