Emodin, A Chinese Herbal Medicine, Inhibits Reoxygenation-Induced Injury in Cultured Human Aortic Endothelial Cells by Regulating the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Signaling Pathway

Shou, Xiaoling; Zhou, Rongfang; Zhu, Lixia; Ren, Ao; Wang, Lei; Wang, Yan; Zhou, Jianmei; Liu, Xinwen; Wang, Bozhong

doi:10.12659/msm.908237

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Immunomodulation (Wu et al, 2007) TNF-a↓, NF-kB inhibited, caspase-3 inhibited Emodin treatment in BALB/c mice with AMI (Song et al, 2012) TNF-a and IL-1b↓, NF-kBp65 inhibited Emodin treatment in EAM in male Lewis rats (Jiang et al, 2014) IL-1b, IL-6, TNF-a, IL-23, and IL-17↓, NF-kBp65 inhibited Emodin treatment in BALB/c mice with viral myocarditis (Shou et al, 2018) PPAR-g and eNOS phosphorylation↑, NO↑ Emodin treatment in HAECs with ischemia-mimetic (Xu et al, 2018b) BMP2, TRAF1, and RELA↓, calcification, and phenotypical transformation of hVICs via the NF-kB signaling pathway…”

Section: References Finding Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, eNOS inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines by NO dependent mechanisms (Wang et al, 2017). Shou et al (2018) established an in vitro hypoxia-reoxygenation model of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). The inactivation of PPAR-g and eNOS signaling pathways is essential for the expression of inflammatory cytokines in endothelial cells induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation.…”

Section: Ppar-g and Enosmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Emodin: As an Anti-Cardiovascular Disease Drug

Gao

Pang

et al. 2020

Front. Pharmacol.

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Emodin is a natural occurring anthraquinone derivative isolated from roots and barks of numerous plants, molds, and lichens. It is found to be an active ingredient in different Chinese herbs including Rheum palmatum and Polygonam multiflorum, and it is a pleiotropic molecule with diuretic, vasorelaxant, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, antiulcerogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. Moreover, emodin has also been shown to have a wide activity of anti-cardiovascular diseases. It is mainly involved in multiple molecular targets such as inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, anti-hypertrophy, antifibrosis, anti-oxidative damage, abnormal, and excessive proliferation of smooth muscle cells in cardiovascular diseases. As a new type of cardiovascular disease treatment drug, emodin has broad application prospects. However, a large amount of evidences detailing the effect of emodin on many signaling pathways and cellular functions in cardiovascular disease, the overall understanding of its mechanisms of action remains elusive. In addition, by describing the evidence of the effects of emodin in detail, the toxicity and poor oral bioavailability of mice have been continuously discovered. This review aims to describe a timely overview of emodin related to the treatment of cardiovascular disease. The emphasis is to summarize the pharmacological effects of emodin as an anticardiovascular drug, as well as the targets and its potential mechanisms. Furthermore, the treatment of emodin compared with conventional cardiovascular drugs or target inhibitors, the toxicity, pharmacokinetics and derivatives of emodin were discussed.

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Section: References Finding Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ppar-g and Enosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Emodin: As an Anti-Cardiovascular Disease Drug

Gao

Pang

et al. 2020

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…Phytosterols contained in Aloe gel, such as lonophenol and cycloartenol, are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists in monogastric animals [35], and also emodin is known to activate PPARγ [36]. Although the content of these compounds in our WPH has not been assessed and their effective absorption in blood has never been investigated, most of the effects of Aloe in our transition cows are consistent with the activation of PPAR signaling; these effects are supported by previous results in murine models [17,23,24].…”

Section: Aloe Reduced Mobilization Of Body Reserves and Improved Lipimentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Aloe arborescens Whole Plant Homogenate on Lipid Metabolism, Inflammatory Conditions and Liver Function of Dairy Cows during the Transition Period

Mezzetti

Minuti

Bionaz

et al. 2020

Animals

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The anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects exerted by Aloe on monogastric mammals suggest it as a potential strategy to address the tremendous metabolic alterations that affect dairy cows during their transition to calving. A group of 20 multiparous Italian Holstein dairy cows were housed in freestalls and allocated into two homogeneous groups to receive either 200 g/d of water (CTR) or 200 g/day of Aloe arborescens Mill. whole plant homogenate through a rumen tube (AAM) between −14 and 14 days from calving (DFC). From −14 to 35 DFC, the BCS, and milk yield were measured, and blood samples were collected to assess the hematochemical profile. Data underwent ANOVA testing using a mixed model for repeated measurements, including the treatment and time and their interactions as fixed effects. Compared to CTR cows, AAM cows had a less pronounced BCS loss in early lactation (p < 0.01), indicating less mobilization of body reserves. Compared to CTR cows, AAM cows had a lower plasma concentration of nonesterified fatty acids and beta hydroxybutyrate (p < 0.01 and = 0.01 respectively) that, paired with the lower butterfat content and fat/protein ratio in their milk (p = 0.03 and < 0.01 respectively), indicates that Aloe reduced the mobilization of body fats. AAM cows had a reduced concentration of myeloperoxidase in plasma and a lower SCC in milk compared to CTR cows (p = 0.02 for both), indicating an anti-inflammatory effect of Aloe. Furthermore, AAM cows had a lower plasma concentration of ceruloplasmin (p < 0.05) and higher plasma concentration of cholesterol, retinol, and paraoxonase compared to CTR cows (p < 0.01, < 0.01 and < 0.05 respectively), indicating Aloe was effective in mitigating the acute phase response in early lactation. Finally, AAM cows had lower plasma creatinine concentrations around calving (p < 0.05), a lower concentration of plasma bilirubin, and a higher concentration of plasma tocopherol compared to CTR cows (p = 0.01 for both). These data suggest Aloe has anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects on transition dairy cows that could have ameliorated liver and kidney function disruption and increased the availability of body antioxidants in early lactation.

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“…Emodin has been proved to increase the mRNA level of PPARγ and play a protective role in alcohol-mediated liver steatosis [37]. According to the activation of PPARγ signaling pathway, emodin could also alleviate atherosclerosis followed by promoting cholesterol e ux [38], or play other roles though regulating in ammatory response [39,40] and nitric oxide production [41]. Furthermore, emodin has also been reported to regulate the expression of LXRα in atherosclerosis [38] and melanogenesis [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identify Key Active Ingredients and Molecular Mechanisms of Jiangzhi Decoction on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Network Pharmacology Analysis

Wang

Zhi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Jiangzhi Decoction (JZD), a traditional herb mixture, has shown significant clinical efficacy against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, its multicomponent and multitarget characteristics bring difficulty in deciphering its pharmacological mechanisms. Our study aimed to identify the key active ingredients and core molecular mechanisms of JZD against NAFLD. Methods: The active ingredients were searched from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database and Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database (TCMID). The targets of those ingredients were identified using ChemMapper database based on 3D-structure similarity. NAFLD-related genes were searched from DisGeNET database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Then we obtained candidate targets of JZD against NAFLD by overlapping the active ingredient targets and NAFLD-related genes. We performed protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, functional enrichment analysis and constructed pathway networks of “herbs-active ingredients-candidate targets”, and identified the key active ingredients and core molecular mechanisms in the network. Results: We found 147 active ingredients in JZD, 1285 targets of active ingredients, 401 NAFLD-related genes, and 59 overlapped candidate targets of JZD against NAFLD. 22 core targets were obtained by PPI analysis. Finally, nuclear receptor transcription and lipid metabolism regulation were found as the core molecular mechanisms of JZD against NAFLD by functional enrichment analysis, and emodin, emodin anthrone, hyperin, questin, rhein, etc. were speculated as the key active ingredients of JZD. Conclusion: Our study will provide the scientific evidences of the clinical efficacy of JZD against NAFLD.

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Emodin, A Chinese Herbal Medicine, Inhibits Reoxygenation-Induced Injury in Cultured Human Aortic Endothelial Cells by Regulating the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Signaling Pathway

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Emodin: As an Anti-Cardiovascular Disease Drug

Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Emodin: As an Anti-Cardiovascular Disease Drug

Effects of Aloe arborescens Whole Plant Homogenate on Lipid Metabolism, Inflammatory Conditions and Liver Function of Dairy Cows during the Transition Period

Identify Key Active Ingredients and Molecular Mechanisms of Jiangzhi Decoction on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Network Pharmacology Analysis

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