“…For the purposes of this article, I define the origins of the social studies narrowly as the ideological, institutional, and epistemological origins of the CSS report, which addressed education at the high school and middle school levels. I do not address the equally important literature on the origins of the social studies at the elementary level (Akenson, 1987; Barton, 2006; Bohan, 2005; Egan, 1980; LeRiche, 1987; Ravitch, 1987; Stallones, 2003; Zilversmit, 1976), nor do I address biographical accounts of social studies pioneers who were not directly involved with the CSS report or its immediate context (Keels, 1988, 1994; McAninch, 1990; Nelson, 1987; Osborne, 2003). I exclude significant work on the Committee of Ten (Nelson, 1992; Sizer, 1964) because these studies do not explicitly link the contents of these reports to subsequent developments.…”