Emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during hydrothermally treated municipal solid waste combustion for energy generation

Peng, Nana; Liu, Zhengang; Liu, Tingting; Gai, Chao

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.10.028

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Even if not originally found in the biofuel composition, PAHs and PCDD/PCDF can be formed during combustion of coal, 63 biomass, 64,65 and other organic matter. 66 PCDD and PCDF are produced when C, H, Cl, and O are present together with a copper catalyst. 67 Additionally, the reactions between HCl and the organic…”

Section: Emissions Of Volatile Organic Compounds Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Dioxins and Furansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaseous emissions from co‐combustion of biosolids from the meat processing industry with wood

Virmond

Albrecht²,

Althoff³

et al. 2021

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Flotation sludge from the meat processing industry can be applied as biofuel in already existing plant-scale boilers. This biosolid is rich in oil and grease and has higher energetic content on a dry ash-free basis (22.74 and 27.71 MJ kg −1 ) than the wood-based fuel (16.62 and 16.16 MJ kg −1 ). Co-combustion trials were performed at a pilot-scale cyclonic combustor (100 kg h −1 ) and at an industrial flamotubular rotatory grate-fired system (6000 kg h −1 ), co-firing pre-dried and centrifuged flotation sludges (respectively) and wood at a mass ratio of 1:3. At a moisture content of 60.13 wt%, the lower heating value of the centrifuged sludge was 10.24% lower compared to wood, thus reducing it to at least 40 wt% would be advisable to obtain energy gains in the industrial plant when operating the co-combustion. The emissions were evaluated and compared to emission standards, including the characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (given as Toxicity Equivalent Factors at O 2ref = 7%), which have not yet been reported. The 16 target polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were identified at pilot and plant scales (0.582 ± 0.143 μg Nm −3 and 0.602 ± 0.506 μg Nm −3 , respectively) being lower than the Danish reference standard (5.0 μg Nm −3 ). The polychlorinated dibenzop-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans concentrations were 0.0004 ± 0.0001 ng Nm −3 at pilot scale and 0.3617 ± 0.1310 ng Nm −3 at plant scale, both below the Brazilian and American standards but differed greatly between the scales, requiring further investigation since their formation can occur due to combustion and postcombustion conditions.

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Section: Emissions Of Volatile Organic Compounds Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Dioxins and Furansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaseous emissions from co‐combustion of biosolids from the meat processing industry with wood

Virmond

Albrecht²,

Althoff³

et al. 2021

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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show abstract

“…Organic components of MSW were investigated in the present study, which was comprised of food waste (64.93 wt.%), plastics (15.07 wt.%), paper (12.94 wt.%), wood waste (1.48 wt.%), and textiles (3.11 wt.%) [10]. HTC of MSW was undertaken using a Morey-type reaction vessel that included a laboratory 50-mL Teflon reaction vessel and an SUS steel pressure vessel [47].…”

Section: Preparation and Characterization Of Biofuel Hydrocharmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among those methods, landfill is the most common disposal method of MSW in China due to the cost-effective and low requirements of both separation and technique. However, the landfill suffers from many problems, such as serious secondary pollution from the leachate, the increasing cost of land acquirement due to the increase development of population and urbanization, and so on [10]. The incineration of MSW can achieve effectively energy recovery, reduce waste volume by 90% and waste weight by 70%, and decrease the toxicity [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and Transformation of Typical Pollutant from MSW by Hydrothermal Carbonization towards Biofuel Hydrochar Production

Jiao¹,

Peng²,

Liu³

2021

Renewable Energy - Technologies and Applications

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An unprecedented increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) is increasingly attractive in response to waste-to-energy. MSW pretreatment is an essential step due to the inherent properties of MSW. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) offers an efficient approach for converting MSW into carbonaceous hydrochars. In this chapter, the formation and transformation of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during HTC of MSW were determined. The results indicated that HTC can homogenize the density and size of MSW and also increase carbon content. Moreover, the concentrations of heavy metals in the leachates of the hydrochars were lower than the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) maximum limits. Compared to MSW, the concentrations of Cr, Cd, Hg, and Zn in the hydrochars were low and the concentrations of Pb, As, Ni, and Cu were high. The concentrations of PAHs in the hydrochars increased with increasing temperature in the range of 1298.71–177698.20 μg/kg, which were much higher than that in MSW, except for H-160. The dominant PAH rings in MSW and the hydrochars were four-ring PAHs and three-ring PAHs, respectively. These findings suggest that 180°C is an appropriate hydrothermal temperature to reduce heavy metals and the toxicity PAHs of MSW.

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“…For biomass fuels, the Σ 16 PAHs values for PM 2.5 from PS-and WSburning were significantly higher than 65.0 -1310 ng g -1 for the five-sized parts of bottom ashes from 8 kinds of bio-fuels in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China (Li et al, 2018a). Compared with the other similar studies, the PM 2.5 bounded PAHs from the GFPP in this study were much higher than 21.9 ng g -1 of fly ashes from the 16 Chinese coal-fired power plants with the individual unit as 600 MW (Li et al, 2016), 29.8-63.8 ng g -1 for bottom ashes and 3860-148991 ng g -1 for fly ashes from 48 biomass-fired power plants in Czech Republic (Zdeněk et al, 2016), 2830-5320 ng g -1 for fly ashes and 930-2080 ng g -1 for fly ashes from a Chinese coalfired plant with the individual unit as 300 MW (Wang et al, 2013), 1200-5900 ng g -1 for bottom ashes from the municipal solid waste (MSW) burning (Peng et al, 2016a), 1970-3710 ng g -1 for bottom ashes from the hydrothermally treated MSW burning (Peng et al, 2016b), 13540 ng g -1 for fly ash formed during the burning process of pressurized coal (Zhou et al, 2009), and 31-2160 ng g -1 for fly ashes from 4 bio-fueled power plants in India (Masto et al, 2015). For biomass combustion process, the WS and PS possessed higher values than those of the bio-fueled power plants in Czech Republic (Zdeněk et al, 2016) and India (Masto et al, 2015), which possibly owning to the more complete combustion of biomass in the industrial boilers (Li et al, 2016(Li et al, , 2017b.…”

Section: Contents Of Pm25 Associated Pahsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PM2.5 Associated PAHs and Inorganic Elements from Combustion of Biomass, Cable Wrapping, Domestic Waste, and Garbage for Power Generation

Wang

Guo

et al. 2019

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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PM 2.5 fractions were collected by re-suspension of the ashes derived from the incineration processes of peanut straw (PS), wheat straw (WS), garbage-fired power plant (GFPP), domestic garbage for volume reduction (DG), and workshop of cable combustion for metal reclamation (WCC) for the analysis of 16 PAHs and 26 elements to obtain the information about their composition profiles, toxicity of PAHs, and exposure risks posed by heavy metals (HMs) and As. GFPP possessed the highest Ʃ16PAHs, while the lowest value occurred at DG. HMW-PAHs dominated in GFPP, while LMW-PAHs were predominant in PS and WS. BaP was the top PAH in GFPP and GFPP possessed the highest TEQ values based on the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) and BaP associated TEFs, and followed by WCC > DG > WS > PS. Except for DG vs. WCC, the PAH-, and HM vs. As-profiles between any 2 out of 5 sources were different based on higher coefficients of divergence than 0.3. The sum of 10 HMs and As (∑ 11 IEs) dominated in WCC due to high contents of Cu, Zn, and Pb, and followed by GFPP > DG > WS > PS. The most enriched HMs were Sb, Cu, and Pb for WCC, Sn for GFPP, and Cd for both GFPP and DG. The integrated carcinogenic risks (CRs) for children posed by both dermal adsorption (Derm) and ingestion (ING) were higher than those for adults. The CRs for children from all the 5 sources exceeded the acceptable level of 1 × 10-4. The non-carcinogenic risks (NCRs) for children posed by both ING and DERM for 5 sources were much higher than those for adults. The NCRs for children posed by ING significantly exceeded 1

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Emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during hydrothermally treated municipal solid waste combustion for energy generation

Cited by 32 publications

References 30 publications

Gaseous emissions from co‐combustion of biosolids from the meat processing industry with wood

Gaseous emissions from co‐combustion of biosolids from the meat processing industry with wood

Formation and Transformation of Typical Pollutant from MSW by Hydrothermal Carbonization towards Biofuel Hydrochar Production

PM2.5 Associated PAHs and Inorganic Elements from Combustion of Biomass, Cable Wrapping, Domestic Waste, and Garbage for Power Generation

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