Emissions of Nitrous Oxide and Methane in a Subtropical Ferralsol Subjected to Nitrogen Fertilization and Sheep Grazing in Integrated Crop-Livestock System
Abstract:Brazilian agriculture contributes significantly to nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and methane (CH 4 ) emissions, so the understanding of such emissions at the field is crucial for mitigation strategies. This study quantified the impact of N application and sheep grazing on the N 2 O and CH 4 emissions from a subtropical Ferralsol under an integrated crop-livestock (ICL) management system. In a long-term experiment in southern Brazil, gaseous fluxes were measured during a year-long cycle of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)… Show more
“…Thus, the assessment of the environmental impacts caused by agricultural systems has increasing focus, as well as the development of technologies and agricultural management practices to reduce and offset these impacts (29, 30). Agricultural management practices can significantly change the dynamics of GHG emission; thus, it is essential to study and monitor GHG fluxes in different climate and soil conditions (31)(32)(33).…”
Section: Soil Organic Carbon Loss and Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions V...mentioning
This work aims to contextualize and analyze the potential contribution of pecan to SDG2 under the dual perspective of carbon storage and human nutrition. Particularly, the study focuses on the pecan agroecosystems in the Americas, representing the most important pecan-producing countries (the United States, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Peru). We observed that pecan is a reliable sink for storing atmospheric C and also for quality nuts with high nutritional density. The Americas, hold a population of ca. 23 M pecan trees, with the younger tree populations and the highest C-storing potential in South America. This pecan tree population has removed 51.3 Mt CO2eq immobilizing the OC in their aboveground biomass, but if the C sequestration for the whole system is considered, the value reaches nearly 80 Mt CO2eq. From a nutritional perspective, there are different dietary needs to cover according to the country, although the common analysis output is a low proportion of nuts in the diet, which is expected to improve, given the efforts of each country to promote domestic consumption. All the mentioned countries in this study have a low pecan consumption going from 8 to 293 g per capita yr-1, which in the light of the Global Burden of Disease represents 0.08 to 3.2% of the recommended yearly dietary basis for nuts overall. The inclusion of pecan nuts in the daily diet is of utmost importance to offset the food nutrient dilution carbohydrates-based, linked to the excess of atmospheric CO2. Also, pecan orchards function as a platform to integrate sustainable systems. The global benefit of having pecan and alley crops has been proved in regions other than the Americas with interesting economic outputs leading to energizing the life of rural communities. Pecan orchards and pecan agroforestry may lead to sustainable agri-food systems, with global gains in SOC and nutritional richness and diversity. Therefore, more in-depth studies are needed not only to fully understand the functioning of the systems at a productive level but also to design and plan sustainable landscapes in rural land.
“…Thus, the assessment of the environmental impacts caused by agricultural systems has increasing focus, as well as the development of technologies and agricultural management practices to reduce and offset these impacts (29, 30). Agricultural management practices can significantly change the dynamics of GHG emission; thus, it is essential to study and monitor GHG fluxes in different climate and soil conditions (31)(32)(33).…”
Section: Soil Organic Carbon Loss and Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions V...mentioning
This work aims to contextualize and analyze the potential contribution of pecan to SDG2 under the dual perspective of carbon storage and human nutrition. Particularly, the study focuses on the pecan agroecosystems in the Americas, representing the most important pecan-producing countries (the United States, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Peru). We observed that pecan is a reliable sink for storing atmospheric C and also for quality nuts with high nutritional density. The Americas, hold a population of ca. 23 M pecan trees, with the younger tree populations and the highest C-storing potential in South America. This pecan tree population has removed 51.3 Mt CO2eq immobilizing the OC in their aboveground biomass, but if the C sequestration for the whole system is considered, the value reaches nearly 80 Mt CO2eq. From a nutritional perspective, there are different dietary needs to cover according to the country, although the common analysis output is a low proportion of nuts in the diet, which is expected to improve, given the efforts of each country to promote domestic consumption. All the mentioned countries in this study have a low pecan consumption going from 8 to 293 g per capita yr-1, which in the light of the Global Burden of Disease represents 0.08 to 3.2% of the recommended yearly dietary basis for nuts overall. The inclusion of pecan nuts in the daily diet is of utmost importance to offset the food nutrient dilution carbohydrates-based, linked to the excess of atmospheric CO2. Also, pecan orchards function as a platform to integrate sustainable systems. The global benefit of having pecan and alley crops has been proved in regions other than the Americas with interesting economic outputs leading to energizing the life of rural communities. Pecan orchards and pecan agroforestry may lead to sustainable agri-food systems, with global gains in SOC and nutritional richness and diversity. Therefore, more in-depth studies are needed not only to fully understand the functioning of the systems at a productive level but also to design and plan sustainable landscapes in rural land.
“…The agricultural sector is a source of GHG production, especially methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O), which comes from rice fields, biomass burning, agricultural land, enteric fermentation, livestock manure management (Mosier et al, 2004;Jugold et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2020). In the last two decades, concentrations of CH 4 and N 2 O in the atmosphere have increased at a rate of 0.9% and 0.3% per year, respectively (Wihardjaka et al, 2011;Piva et al, 2019). CH 4 and N 2 O contribute to 25 times and 298 times the greenhouse effect by CO 2 , respectively, and 50% and 60% of greenhouse gases are generated by agricultural activity (Kang et al, 2021).…”
Climate change caused by increasing anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations can threaten food security. Agricultural land is a source of food availability, however it is one source of GHG emissions, especially methane and nitrous oxide. Integration management of land, water, and plants in an integrated manner can be an effort to reduce the impact of climate change. This paper aims to inform the technologies to reduce emissions of methane and nitrous oxide in rice fields. One of the technologies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions on agricultural land is through the use of natural materials as an inhibitor for the formation of methane and nitrous oxide in the soil due to the content of secondary metabolites in natural ingredients. Natural materials can simultaneously increase nitrogen nutrient uptake and improve crop yields. The methane production in rice fields is suppressed by more than 30% by coconut fiber, turmeric rhizomes, leaf of Ageratum conyzoides, and the leaf of Cosmos caudatus; while application of Cosmos caudatus and Ageratum conyzoides can also reduce the production of nitrous oxide more than 20%, respectively.
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