Emissions of N<sub>2</sub>O and CH<sub>4</sub>during the Composting of Liquid Swine Manure

Thompson, A. G.; Wagner-Riddle, Claudia; Fleming, Ron

doi:10.1023/b:emas.0000009231.04123.2d

Cited by 62 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…When studying processes influencing gaseous emissions, laboratory experiments under controlled conditions are carried out using sampled manure (Brown et al 2000;Massé et al 2003a). The analytical technique most commonly used for measurement of trace gas concentrations with chamber methods is gas chromatography (Lapitan et al 1999), but use of fast response gas analysers allows for automated, on-site analysis (Thompson et al 2004).…”

Section: Chamber Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After active composting of liquid hog manure with wheat straw, one study found GHG emissions were reduced to 30% of those from untreated manure (Thompson et al 2004). However, contributions to air and water pollution during processing via ammonia volatilization and nitrate leaching may reduce its utility as a fertilizer and thereby its desirability as a mitigation measure (Peigné and Girardin 2004).…”

Section: Compostmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from Canadian animal agriculture: A review

Kebreab¹,

Clark²,

et al. 2006

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. Considerable evidence of climate change associated with emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) has resulted in international efforts to reduce GHG emissions. The agriculture sector contributes about 8% of GHG emissions in Canada mostly through methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O). The objective of this paper was to compile an integrative review of CH 4 and N 2 O emissions from livestock by taking a whole cycle approach from enteric fermentation to manure treatment and storage, and field application of manure. Basic microbial processes that result in CH 4 production in the rumen and hindgut of animals were reviewed. An overview of CH 4 and N 2 O production processes in manure, and controlling factors are presented. Most of the studies conducted in relation to enteric fermentation were in dairy and beef cattle. To date, research has focussed on GHG emissions from the stored manures of dairy, beef cattle and swine; therefore, we focus our review on these. Several methods used to measure GHG emissions from livestock and stored manure were reviewed. A comparison of methods showed that there were agreements between most of the techniques but some systematic differences were also observed. Additional studies with comprehensive comparisons of methodologies are needed in order to allow for comparison of results obtained from studies using contrasting methodologies. The need to standardize measurement methods and reporting to facilitate comparison of results and data integration was identified. Prediction equations are often used to calculate GHG emissions. Various types of mathematical approaches, such as statistical models, mechanistic models and estimates calculated from emission factors, and studies that compare various types of models are discussed herein. A lack of process-based models describing GHG emissions from manure during storage was identified. A brief description of mitigation strategies focussing on recent studies is given. Reduction in CH 4 emissions from ruminants through the addition of fats in diets and the use of more starch was achieved and a transient beneficial effect of ionophores was reported. Grazing management and genetic selection also hold promise. Studies focussed on manure treatment options that have been suggested to reduce gas fluxes from manure storage, composting, anaerobic digestion (AD), diet manipulation, covers and solid-liquid separation, were reviewed. While some of these options have been shown to decrease GHG emissions from stored manure, different studies have obtained conflicting results, and additional research is needed to identify the most promising options. GHG emissions from pasture and croplands after manure application have been the subject of several experimental and modelling studies, but few of these have linked field emissions to diet manipulation or manure treatments. Further work focussing on the entire cycle of GHG formation from feed formulation, animal metabolism, excreta treatment and storage, to field application of manure needs to be conducted. attribua...

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Section: Chamber Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Compostmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from Canadian animal agriculture: A review

Kebreab¹,

Clark²,

et al. 2006

Self Cite

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“…However, depending on the intensity of composting, NH 3 losses can be particularly high, reaching up to 50% of the total manure N (Peigné and Girardin, 2004). Similarly, the aeration of compost reduces CH 4 emissions (Thompson et al, 2004;Jiang et al, 2011b;Park et al, 2011), but can increase NH 3 and N 2 O losses (Tao et al, 2011). However, the review by Brown et al (2008) concluded that, even in a worst-case scenario, the increase in N emissions is minimal in comparison with the benefits associated with the CH 4 reductions.…”

Section: Compostingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical options for the mitigation of direct methane and nitrous oxide emissions from livestock: a review

Gerber

Hristov

Henderson

et al. 2013

Animal

307

218

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Although livestock production accounts for a sizeable share of global greenhouse gas emissions, numerous technical options have been identified to mitigate these emissions. In this review, a subset of these options, which have proven to be effective, are discussed. These include measures to reduce CH 4 emissions from enteric fermentation by ruminants, the largest single emission source from the global livestock sector, and for reducing CH 4 and N 2 O emissions from manure. A unique feature of this review is the high level of attention given to interactions between mitigation options and productivity. Among the feed supplement options for lowering enteric emissions, dietary lipids, nitrates and ionophores are identified as the most effective. Forage quality, feed processing and precision feeding have the best prospects among the various available feed and feed management measures. With regard to manure, dietary measures that reduce the amount of N excreted (e.g. better matching of dietary protein to animal needs), shift N excretion from urine to faeces (e.g. tannin inclusion at low levels) and reduce the amount of fermentable organic matter excreted are recommended. Among the many 'end-of-pipe' measures available for manure management, approaches that capture and/or process CH 4 emissions during storage (e.g. anaerobic digestion, biofiltration, composting), as well as subsurface injection of manure, are among the most encouraging options flagged in this section of the review. The importance of a multiple gas perspective is critical when assessing mitigation potentials, because most of the options reviewed show strong interactions among sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The paper reviews current knowledge on potential pollution swapping, whereby the reduction of one GHG or emission source leads to unintended increases in another.

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“…O principal destino dos resíduos desses animais é o uso agrícola, em geral sem tratamento adequado e sem critérios técnicos que permitam o aproveitamento eficiente dos nutrientes e minimizem a emissão de gases de efeito estufa (OLIVEIRA & HIGARASHI, 2006;PERDOMO et al, 2003). A compostagem dos dejetos líquidos de suínos em mistura a um material rico em carbono é uma forma de tratamento aeróbia, o que minimiza a emissão de gases do efeito estufa (THOMPSON et al, 2004), e o material resultante pode ser transportado a longas distâncias por um preço menor do que o dejeto líquido (SERPA FILHO et al, 2013). A produção de aves de corte em camas sobrepostas, em função da concentração regional dos aviários, gera um excedente de cama de aviário que, se aplicada ao solo em grandes quantidades pode provocar excesso de nutrientes e elevado risco de poluição (ÁVILA et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Cama de aviário e composto de dejetos suínos em substratos para mudas de maracujazeiro-amarelo

Brugnara¹,

Nesi²,

Verona³

2014

Científica

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ResumoNeste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de concentrações de cama de aviário e de composto orgâ-nico produzido com dejetos líquidos de suínos em mistura a substratos comerciais para produção de mudas de maracujazeiro-amarelo, e estimar as concentrações que proporcionam o máximo crescimento das mudas. O experimento foi desenvolvido em estufa agrícola, utilizando a cultivar Redondo Amarelo e sacos de 1,2 L como recipientes. Foram avaliadas cinco concentrações (0; 8; 16; 32 e 64%, v/v) de cama de aviário e composto orgânico em mistura à fibra de coco e ao substrato convencional. Avaliaram-se a emergência, o número de folhas, a altura, a massa seca de raízes e a área foliar das mudas. Foram ajustadas equações de regressão não lineares e as estimativas dos parâ-metros comparadas por intervalos de confiança. As concentrações de cada mistura que maximizaram o crescimento foram diferentes entre as características avaliadas. O crescimento das mudas foi maior quando se adicionou composto orgânico ao substrato convencional, mas não à fibra de coco. A cama de aviário em concentrações moderadas aumentou o crescimento das mudas, quando misturada à fibra de coco e ao substrato convencional. As concentrações (v/v) mais adequadas são 1,15 a 11,76% de cama de aviário ou 0 a 64% de composto orgânico à base de dejetos suínos em mistura à fibra de coco; e 11,81 a 24,17% de cama de aviário ou 38,87 a 95,8% de composto orgânico em mistura ao substrato convencional.Palavras-chave adicionais: composto orgânico; fibra de coco; modelos de regressão; Passiflora edulis. AbstractIn this study the objective was to evaluate the effect of concentrations of broiler litter and liquid swine manure compost, in mixture with commercial substrates, on the growth of yellow passion fruit seedlings, and estimating the concentrations that provide maximum seedling growth. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse using the cultivar Redondo Amarelo and 1.2L-perforated polyethylene bags as containers. Five concentrations (0, 8, 16, 32 and 64%, v/v) of broiler litter and organic compost were evaluated in mixture with coconut fiber and a conventional substrate. The emergence, number of leaves, height, shoot and root dry matter and leaf area were evaluated. Non-linear regression equations were fitted and the estimates for the parameters were compared by confidence intervals. The concentrations of each mixture which maximized the growth were different among the response variables considered. Seedlings growth increased when the organic compost was added to the conventional substrate, but not to coconut fiber. Broiler litter, in moderate concentrations, increased seedlings growth when mixed with coconut fiber and conventional substrate. The more appropriate concentrations (v/v) are: 1.15 to 11.76% broiler litter, or 0 to 64% swine manure compost mixed to coconut fiber; and 11.81 to 24.17% broiler litter or 38.87 to 95.8% swine manure compost in mixtures with conventional substrate.

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Emissions of N₂O and CH₄during the Composting of Liquid Swine Manure

Cited by 62 publications

References 4 publications

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from Canadian animal agriculture: A review

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from Canadian animal agriculture: A review

Technical options for the mitigation of direct methane and nitrous oxide emissions from livestock: a review

Cama de aviário e composto de dejetos suínos em substratos para mudas de maracujazeiro-amarelo

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Emissions of N2O and CH4during the Composting of Liquid Swine Manure

Cited by 62 publications

References 4 publications

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from Canadian animal agriculture: A review

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from Canadian animal agriculture: A review

Technical options for the mitigation of direct methane and nitrous oxide emissions from livestock: a review

Cama de aviário e composto de dejetos suínos em substratos para mudas de maracujazeiro-amarelo

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Emissions of N₂O and CH₄during the Composting of Liquid Swine Manure