Emissions of metals and polychlorinated dibenzo(p)dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) from Portland cement manufacturing plants: Inter-kiln variability and dependence on fuel-types

Zemba, Stephen G.; Ames, Michael; Green, Laura; Botelho, Maria João; Gossman, David; Linkov, Igor; Palma‐Oliveira, José Manuel

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.06.047

Cited by 47 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, compared with the available data in the world, the results of this study are within the typical range of values reported elsewhere. For example, low TEQ concentrations in dust samples of cement kilns were reported in several studies in the UK (0.001-30.0 pg TEQ/g dry wt., Ames et al, 2012) and Germany (1.0-40.0 pg TEQ/g dry wt., Zemba et al, 2011). Fig.…”

Section: Pcdd/fs Emission From Cement Kiln Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emission of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans from Steel and Cement-Kiln Plants in Vietnam

Thường

Nam

Huệ

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Stack gas and fly ash samples were collected in two steel plants and three cement kiln plants for the determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). A standard sampling method (U.S EPA method 23) was used following the requirements for isokinetic sampling of stack gas emission. The quantification of PCDD/Fs was done by high resolution gas chromatography, coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/ HRMS). The results demonstrated that PCDD/F concentrations in steel plants varied from 0.234 to 0.577 ng/Nm 3 on a mass basis, and 0.048 to 0.166 ng/Nm 3 on a TEQ basis. In cement kiln plants, the mass concentration varied from 0.280 to 5.32 ng/Nm 3 , while TEQ concentration varied from 0.033 to 0.837 ng TEQ/Nm 3 . In general, PCDD/F emissions from steel industry in Vietnam were slightly lower than those reported for European Union, and were comparable to those reported for Taiwan and Korea. A similar trend was observed for the emissions of PCDD/Fs from cement kiln industry in Vietnam. PCDD/F emission factors for steel and cement kiln industries were also estimated to compare with the guidelines of the UNEP for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) inventory.

show abstract

Section: Pcdd/fs Emission From Cement Kiln Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emission of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans from Steel and Cement-Kiln Plants in Vietnam

Thường

Nam

Huệ

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For instance, when waste tyres and sewage sludge were used to feed the kiln, the dioxin emissions with flue gas varied in a range of 0.0019-0.0221 ng I-TEQ Nm -3 (Conesa et al, 2008). Zemba et al (2011) conducted 150 tests using various special fuels, including hazardous waste, refuse derived fuel (RDF), and cokes and found that the type of waste had only minor influence on dioxin emissions, all remaining below 0.1 ng I-TEQ Nm -3 . Yan et al (2014) reported that DDT waste is effectively destroyed by feeding to the precalciner in a dry process cement kiln, and the emissions of PCDD/Fs in the flue gas varied in a range of 0.0019-0.0171 ng I-TEQ Nm -3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of Dioxins on the Entering Raw Meal

Zhan

Fu²,

Chen

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cement kilns still emit considerable amounts of dioxins, more precisely polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) whether these kilns co-incinerate waste, or not. The emission level depends on the quality of meals (composition of mixed and ground limestone and shale or clay) on the one hand, the co-firing of waste on the other. Waste can be fired at the lower, discharge end of the rotary kiln, or be introduced to mid-kiln, at the kiln entrance, in the calcination section, or even further downstream along the path of the combustion gases. The temperature/time history of these combustion gases and of the meal are decisive factors in the formation, collection and destruction of dioxins. Still, very little is known on the extent and location of such phenomena along the path of meal, in countercurrent to that of combustion gases. In this study, the adsorption effects of the entering meal on the flows of dioxins were fully investigated in a 4500 ton day -1 clinker production line. The meal was characterised by its Ultimate Analysis, its specific surface and by XRD-and EDS-analysis, indicating that CaO, CaCO 3 and SiO 2 were the main compositions of it. In laboratory experiments, it was observed that the entering raw meal could indeed adsorb 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/Fs from combustion gas thus cleaning the raw gas even before its treatment by dust collection. The results revealed that meal could adsorb 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs from RDF incineration flue gas, with an efficiency up to 84.8% in wt. units and 71.0% in I-TEQ units.

show abstract

“…Second, the fingerprints generated from various sources or source types, when compared with the profiles found in air or other environmental media might allow identification and apportionment of the sources affecting specific locations. The PCDD/F emission data have been published for a number of cement manufacturing facilities (Zemba et al, 2011) but few studies have focused on PCDD/F congener profiles. Abad et al (2004) found no marked differences in PCDD/F emissions or congener profiles in a facility using tires and meat meal as alternative fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of Polychlorinated Dibenzo (p) Dioxins and Furans in Cement Kiln Emission Using Different Kinds of Fuel

Kabbanya¹,

Khairallah²,

Marsafey³

et al. 2015

Research J. of Environmental Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Monitoring of polychlorinated dibenzo (p) dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) in cement kiln emission were conducted using different kinds of fuel at different location in Egypt. A total of 97 samples provided data on PCDD/F congener concentrations during which the kilns combusted a varied mix of fuels, including coke, mazout and natural gas. The use of coke to fuel the kilns was found to generate significantly different emission-profiles relative to the use of mazout rather than natural gas, the total PCDD/Fs WHO-TEQ levels in coke, mazout and natural gas were determining by High Resolution Gas Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometer ). A total of 9 samples provided data on PCDD/Fs congener concentrations from ambient air in 4 different Egyptian governorates. Results obtained confirm the presence of PCDD/F in Natural gas followed by Mazout followed by coke 30% with mazout 70%, this means that the different operating conditions must be controlled. All of the kiln emission profiles were found to be same markedly from profiles in ambient air. However, the small absolute dioxin emission rates from the kilns suggested that kiln impacts would be detectable via ambient air monitoring.

show abstract

Emissions of metals and polychlorinated dibenzo(p)dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) from Portland cement manufacturing plants: Inter-kiln variability and dependence on fuel-types

Cited by 47 publications

References 12 publications

The Emission of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans from Steel and Cement-Kiln Plants in Vietnam

The Emission of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans from Steel and Cement-Kiln Plants in Vietnam

Adsorption of Dioxins on the Entering Raw Meal

Monitoring of Polychlorinated Dibenzo (p) Dioxins and Furans in Cement Kiln Emission Using Different Kinds of Fuel

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About