Emissions of a Wet Premixed Flame of Natural Gas and a Mixture With Hydrogen at High Pressure

Abstract

It is generally accepted that combustion of hydrogen and natural gas mixtures will become more prevalent in the near future, to allow for a further penetration of renewables in the European power generation system. The current work aims at the demonstration of the advantages of steam dilution, when highly reactive combustible mixtures are used in a swirl-stabilized combustor. To this end, high-pressure experiments have been conducted with a generic swirl-stabilized combustor featuring axial air injection to increase flashback safety. The experiments have been conducted with two fuel mixtures, at various pressure levels up to 9 bar and at four levels of steam dilution up to 25% steam-to-air mass flow ratio. Natural gas has been used as a reference fuel, whereas a mixture of natural gas and hydrogen (10% hydrogen by mass) represented an upper limit of hydrogen concentration in a natural gas network with hydrogen enrichment. The results of the emissions measurements are presented along with a reactor network model. The latter is applied as a means to qualitatively understand the chemical processes responsible for the observed emissions and their trends with increasing pressure and steam injection.

Effects of steam addition and/or injection on the combustion characteristics: A review

“…In their experimental study, which led to the extraction of a numerical model, Stathopoulos et al studied the emissions of a wet premixed flame at high pressure [77]. The fuel was comprised of natural gas and a mixture of hydrogen-enriched natural gas.…”

“…Approach I: The case study Industrial case [4,29,49,50,52,59,61,63,90,105,108,119] Lab test stand case [10,16,18,26,31,53,58,64,65,77,85,86,92,99,100,106,110,113,116,118] Gas turbine (power plant) [22, 29, 49, 50, 59-63, 65, 76, 90, 105, 107, 108, 113] Gas turbine (aircraft) [4,10,26,50,52,65] Diesel engine [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]…”

TopCycle: A Novel High Performance and Fuel Flexible Gas Turbine Cycle

“…They also found that combined cycles perform better for pressure ratios between 20 and 40. Moreover, steam injection in the combustion chamber can be used to facilitate pure hydrogen combustion at ultra low emissions, without making considerable changes in the combustion system architecture [9].…”

Heat transfer measurements in a hydrogen-oxyfuel combustor

“…This reduction results in less structural complexity and less fatigue, which is crucial for power plant utilization. The lab-scale burner in the current work builds upon an experimentally well-characterized design of a swirl-stabilized H 2 /air burner [24][25][26][27], which was equipped with additional O 2 injectors. Preliminary results were reported by Schimek et al [28] and Tanneberger et al [29][30][31], who characterized the flow and flame behavior along with the combustion efficiency.…”