Emissions Inventory of PM<sub>2.5</sub> Trace Elements across the United States

Reff, Adam; Bhave, Prakash V.; Simon, Heather; Pace, Tom; Pouliot, George; Mobley, J.D.; Houyoux, Marc

doi:10.1021/es802930x

Cited by 256 publications

(254 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Christian et al (2010) reported emissions of 17 metals from source measurements of open trash burning, of which antimony (Sb) was the most unique, consistent with a previous report at the USMexico border (Garcia et al, 2006). Fine particle Sb may be a useful tracer for PM 2.5 from this source in the MCMA, although this topic requires further research as many other Sb sources also exist (Reff et al, 2009). Christian et al (2010 also reported on the emissions from brick kilns, charcoal kilns, and cooking fires.…”

Section: Primary Inorganic Aerosolssupporting

confidence: 57%

An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation

et al. 2010

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Abstract. MILAGRO (Megacity Initiative: Local And Global Research Observations) is an international collaborative project to examine the behavior and the export of atmospheric emissions from a megacity. The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) -one of the world's largest megacities and North America's most populous city -was selected as the case study to characterize the sources, concentrations, transport, and transformation processes of the gases and fine particles emitted to the MCMA atmosphere and to evaluate the regional and global impacts of these emissions. The findings of this study are relevant to the evolution and impacts of pollution from many other megacities.The measurement phase consisted of a month-long series of carefully coordinated observations of the chemistry and physics of the atmosphere in and near Mexico City duringCorrespondence to: L. T. Molina (ltmolina@mit.edu) March 2006, using a wide range of instruments at ground sites, on aircraft and satellites, and enlisting over 450 scientists from 150 institutions in 30 countries. Three ground supersites were set up to examine the evolution of the primary emitted gases and fine particles. Additional platforms in or near Mexico City included mobile vans containing scientific laboratories and mobile and stationary upward-looking lidars. Seven instrumented research aircraft provided information about the atmosphere over a large region and at various altitudes. Satellite-based instruments peered down into the atmosphere, providing even larger geographical coverage. The overall campaign was complemented by meteorological forecasting and numerical simulations, satellite observations and surface networks. Together, these research observations have provided the most comprehensive characterization of the MCMA's urban and regional atmospheric composition and chemistry that will take years to analyze and evaluate fully.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. L. T. Molina et al.: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformationIn this paper we review over 120 papers resulting from the MILAGRO/INTEX-B Campaign that have been published or submitted, as well as relevant papers from the earlier MCMA-2003 Campaign, with the aim of providing a road map for the scientific community interested in understanding the emissions from a megacity such as the MCMA and their impacts on air quality and climate. This paper describes the measurements performed during MILAGRO and the results obtained on MCMA's atmospheric meteorology and dynamics, emissions of gases and fine particles, sources and concentrations of volatile organic compounds, urban and regional photochemistry, ambient particulate matter, aerosol radiative properties, urban plume characterization, and health studies. A summary of key findings from the field study is presented.

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Section: Primary Inorganic Aerosolssupporting

confidence: 57%

An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation

et al. 2010

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“…Previous investigators have suggested at least five hypotheses to explain the wintertime PM other overpredictions Mathur et al, 2008b), and efforts are underway to test them. For example, Reff et al (2009) recently developed an anthropogenic emissions inventory for PM 2.5 trace elements (e.g., Fe, Ni, Zn) for the US. The CMAQ model will be modified to track several of those trace elements so that the resulting modeled values can be compared against measurements at the national monitoring networks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incremental testing of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system version 4.7

et al. 2010

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Abstract. This paper describes the scientific and structural updates to the latest release of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system version 4.7 (v4.7) and points the reader to additional resources for further details. The model updates were evaluated relative to observations and results from previous model versions in a series of simulations conducted to incrementally assess the effect of each change. The focus of this paper is on five major scientific upgrades: (a) updates to the heterogeneous N 2 O 5 parameterization, (b) improvement in the treatment of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), (c) inclusion of dynamic mass transfer for coarse-mode aerosol, (d) revisions to the cloud model, and (e) new options for the calculation of photolysis rates. Incremental test simulations over the eastern United States during January and August 2006 are evaluated to assess the model response to each scientific improvement, providing explanations of differences in results between v4.7 and previously released CMAQ model versions. Particulate sulfate predictions are improved across all monitoring networks during both seasons due to cloud module updates. Numerous updates to the SOA module improve the simulation of seasonal variability and decrease the bias in organic carbon predictions at urban sites in the winter. Bias in the total mass of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) is dominated by overpredictions of unspeciated PM 2.5 (PM other ) in the winter and by underpredictions of carbon in the summer. The CMAQv4.7 model results show slightly worse performance for ozone predictions.Correspondence to: K. M. Foley (foley.kristen@epa.gov) However, changes to the meteorological inputs are found to have a much greater impact on ozone predictions compared to changes to the CMAQ modules described here. Model updates had little effect on existing biases in wet deposition predictions.

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“…(2) Trace components were determined by multiplying trace elemental abundances by an oxygen to mental ratio (except for Al, Si, Ca, K, Fe and Ti). Each ratio of the element is obtained from Reff et al (2009) based on the most common oxidation states of metals. (3) Organic matter (OM) was calculated by multiplying OC abundance by ratio of OM/OC.…”

Section: Methodology For Establishing Source Profiles Data Quality Comentioning

confidence: 99%

China Source Profile Shared Service (CSPSS): The Chinese PM2.5 Database for Source Profiles

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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China Source Profile Shared Service (CSPSS, www.speciate.org.cn), a new database of emission source profiles for particulate matter (PM), has been developed by researchers from Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES). The first release of CSPSS 1.0 consists of comprehensive data from China that reveals the emission profiles of different sources in selected regions. Related source categories include coal-fired boiler, industrial process, fugitive dust, vehicle exhaust emissions, biomass burning and cooking. Compositing methodology and data quality control were applied to create high quality composite profiles of each source category. Statistical measures of correlation coefficient, t-test and and distribution of weighted differences can be used to compare the similarities and differences among individual and composite profiles. In addition, differences between data of SPECIATE and CSPSS were compared. The chemical composition shows special characteristics in different source categories. For example, SO 4 2-and OC mark coal-fired bolier; Ca and Ca 2+ are the most abundant elements in cement production and construction dust emissions; Cl -, K + and K mark biomass burning; several metals such as V, Zn Sn and Pb could be used as tracers for paved road dust while Sr, Ba and Pb marked industrial emissions. The highest abundances of organic matter are observed in cooking emissions. Toxic species such as Cr and As are enriched in PM 2.5 from coal combustion. Distinguished features of source profiles between SPECIATE and CSPSS indicate that the knowledge of local source profiles are needed for further research. This database should better reflect the emission profiles observed in Chinese environment. Sensitivity tests have been conducted to examine the impact of sub-composite source profiles usually used to establish the composite ones. The result shows that the use of sub-composite source profiles of coal combustion dose not impact the apportionment results for biomass burning, but other sources are varying influenced.

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Emissions Inventory of PM_2.5 Trace Elements across the United States

Cited by 256 publications

References 20 publications

An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation

An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation

Incremental testing of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system version 4.7

China Source Profile Shared Service (CSPSS): The Chinese PM2.5 Database for Source Profiles

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Emissions Inventory of PM2.5 Trace Elements across the United States

Cited by 256 publications

References 20 publications

An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation

An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation

Incremental testing of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system version 4.7

China Source Profile Shared Service (CSPSS): The Chinese PM2.5 Database for Source Profiles

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Emissions Inventory of PM_2.5 Trace Elements across the United States