Emissions from Solid Fuel Cook Stoves in the Himalayan Region

Dang, Jin; Li, Chaoliu; Li, Jihua; Dang, Andy; Zhang, Qianggong; Chen, Pengfei; Kang, Shichang; Dunn‐Rankin, Derek

doi:10.3390/en12061089

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Due to Improved Stoves being widely used for residential cooking and heating (Table S8), we took Improved Stove as a typical case to analyze how altitude affects residential PM 2.5 emission factors. As illustrated in Figure a, PM 2.5 and CO emission factors at high-altitude areas are generally larger than those at low-altitude areas for each solid fuel type . Combined with field tests in Tibet, we found that the real-time emission pattern was not characterized by cooking events for two main reasons.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Both PM 2.5 and CO are products of incomplete combustion and are co-emitted during solid fuel burning. The observed PM 2.5 emission factors under persistent smoldering conditions can range up to 10 times higher than under flaming conditions. ,, In addition, lower oxygen partial pressures at high-altitude areas can further cause incomplete combustion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of more than 300 groups of air pollutant emission factors including CO 2 , CO, SO 2 , NO x , and PM 2.5 were collected from published literature. ,− First, we categorized emission factors by stove type. As shown in Figure S1, three stove types considered here are open combustion stoves without chimneys (termed “Open Stove),” traditional cement stoves with chimneys (termed “Traditional Stove)”, and improved metal stoves with chimneys (termed “Improved Stove)”.…”

Section: Methodology and Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Air Pollutant Emissions from Residential Solid Fuel Combustion in the Pan-Third Pole Region

Liu

Ren

2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As the largest emission source in the Pan-Third Pole region, residential solid fuel combustion gains increasing public concern regarding air pollution–associated health impacts. This study firstly developed emission inventories by combining energy statistics, fuel-mix survey, and detailed emission factors considering different fuel types, stove types, and altitudes, and we achieved full regional coverage and increased spatial resolution from 9 × 9 km to 1 km × 1 km. Total CO2, CO, PM2.5, SO2, and NO x emissions (coefficient of variation) were estimated to be 823 Mt (24%), 53 Mt (28%), 4525 kt (48%), 1388 kt (55%), and 1275 kt (46%) in 2020. India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh combined contributed 73, 57, 65, 67, and 69% of total CO2, CO, PM2.5, SO2, and NO x emissions, respectively, due to the large population. The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau had the second-highest emission intensity, mainly due to the high fuel consumption per capita. Unlike the emissions of the Pan-Third Pole in existing Asian inventories, dung cake combustion dominated total PM2.5, SO2, and NO x emissions rather than firewood combustion with proportions of 54, 70, and 67%, respectively. The effect of altitude on combustion efficiencies increased PM2.5 emissions by about 21% from the region. The method and results can provide technical guidance for emission inventory refinement in the Pan-Third Pole and other regions.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodology and Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Air Pollutant Emissions from Residential Solid Fuel Combustion in the Pan-Third Pole Region

Liu

Ren

2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Perhaps most importantly, community-managed microgrids may be an important feature of removing solid-fuel cookstove dependence in both India and China. In Himalayan regions of China, carbon emissions from these cookstoves is likely underestimated by conventional laboratory experiments [77].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 21st Century Coal Question: China, India, Development, and Climate Change

Warner

Jones

2019

Atmosphere

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

China and India are not only the two most populous nations on Earth, they are also two of the most rapidly growing economies. Historically, economic and social development have been subsidized by cheap and abundant fossil-fuels. Climate change from fossil-fuel emissions has resulted in the need to reduce fossil-fuel emissions in order to avoid catastrophic warming. If climate goals are achieved, China and India will have been the first major economies to develop via renewable energy sources. In this article, we examine the factors of projected population growth, available fossil-fuel reserves, and renewable energy installations required to develop scenarios in which both China and India may increase per capita energy consumption while remaining on trach to meet ambitious climate goals. Here, we show that China and India will have to expand their renewable energy infrastructure at unprecedented rates in order to support both population growth and development goals. In the larger scope of the literature, we recommend community-based approaches to microgrid and cookstove development in both China and India.

show abstract

“…Janhäll et al [17] explored and characterized the variability of the particle size distribution of fresh smoke from different vegetation fires, which was typically dominated by a lognormal accumulation mode with count a median diameter of around 120 nm, depending on age, fuel, and combustion efficiency. Similar to for biomass burning, aerosols from various coal combustion show different physicochemical characteristics for their various inherent properties and different combustion conditions [18][19][20]. Pintér et al [21] have provided the optical properties of carbonaceous aerosols generated from various coal combustion and their correlations with the thermochemical and energetic properties of the coal samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-Optical and Particle Number Size Distribution Characteristics of Smoldering Smoke from Biomass Burning

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Controlled laboratory combustion experiments were conducted in the fire test room to mimic freshly emitted smoldering smoke of biomass burning in China. The biomass components were determined by ultimate analysis and proximate analysis before experiments. The particle number size distribution (PNSD) between 5 and 1000 nm of smoke was measured by a high sampling frequency size spectrometer. A cavity-enhanced aerosol albedometer with wavelength of 532 nm was used to measure scattering coefficients, extinction coefficients, and single scattering albedo (SSA) of smoldering smoke. The PNSDs of smoldering smoke from the burning of agricultural straw could be fitted with a bimodal lognormal distribution as modes around 10 nm (nucleation mode) and 60 nm (Aitken mode). The PNSDs of wood sawdust could be fitted with a trimodal lognormal distribution, while the two modes were in nucleation mode, and one was in Aitken mode. The bulk optical properties (scattering and extinction coefficients) of smoldering smoke had strong correlations with particle number concentrations of sizes bigger than 100 nm. The correlation between SSA and fixed carbon (FC) was strong (the correlation coefficient is 0.89), while the correlation between SSA and volatile matter (VM) or ash was weak. The relationship between SSA and N (or S) showed a positive correlation, while that of SSA and C showed a negative correlation. The relationship between SSA and VM/FC (or N) showed a strong linear relationship (r2 > 0.8). This paper could improve understanding of the relationship between the optical and particle size distribution properties of smoke from biomass burning and the components of biomass materials under similar combustion conditions.

show abstract

Emissions from Solid Fuel Cook Stoves in the Himalayan Region

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

Air Pollutant Emissions from Residential Solid Fuel Combustion in the Pan-Third Pole Region

Air Pollutant Emissions from Residential Solid Fuel Combustion in the Pan-Third Pole Region

The 21st Century Coal Question: China, India, Development, and Climate Change

Thermo-Optical and Particle Number Size Distribution Characteristics of Smoldering Smoke from Biomass Burning

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About