Emissions Certification Vehicle Cycles Based on Heavy Duty Engine Test Cycles

Andreae, Morgan; Salemme, Gary; Kumar, Manoj; Sun, Zhen

doi:10.4271/2012-01-0878

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…An analysis comparing CO 2 emissions from these certification test procedures to over-the- road vehicle fuel consumption data reveals the significant level of agreement [28]. For line-haul truck duty-cycles, CO 2 emissions from vehicle field data were within 3.7% of the CO 2 emissions predicted from the SET [28]. This particular study involved the collection of data from 8 line-haul trucks with data acquisitions systems to allow fuel to be tracked at 1 second intervals during normal operation.…”

Section: Component-based Approach For Vocational Trucks and Line-haulmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…For vocational engines, the approach applies the EPA heavy-duty engine transient emissions test -Federal Test Procedure (FTP) -for CO 2 measurement. An analysis comparing CO 2 emissions from these certification test procedures to over-the- road vehicle fuel consumption data reveals the significant level of agreement [28]. For line-haul truck duty-cycles, CO 2 emissions from vehicle field data were within 3.7% of the CO 2 emissions predicted from the SET [28].…”

Section: Component-based Approach For Vocational Trucks and Line-haulmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…4. 28) where P brake is the brake power at the output shaft, is heat rejected to the oil and surroundings, is heat transferred to the coolant, is the exhaust energy associated with incomplete combustion, is the exhaust mass flow rate, and h exh is the exhaust enthalpy. The fuel energy balance can be expressed in terms of a percentage of the fuel energy by rearranging Equation 4.28 (Eq.…”

Section: Constructing a Fuel Energy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic Development of Highly Efficient and Clean Engines to Meet Future Commercial Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Regulations

Stanton

2013

SAE Int. J. Engines

135

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With increasing energy prices and concerns about the environmental impact of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, a growing number of national governments are putting emphasis on improving the energy efficiency of the equipment employed throughout their transportation systems. Within the U.S. transportation sector, energy use in commercial vehicles has been increasing at a faster rate than that of automobiles. A 23% increase in fuel consumption for the U.S. heavy duty truck segment is expected from 2009 to 2020. The heavy duty vehicle oil consumption is projected to grow while light duty vehicle (LDV) fuel consumption will eventually experience a decrease. By 2050, the oil consumption rate by LDVs is anticipated to decrease below 2009 levels due to CAFE standards and biofuel use. In contrast, the heavy duty oil consumption rate is anticipated to double. The increasing trend in oil consumption for heavy trucks is linked to the vitality, security, and growth of the U.S. and global economies.An essential part of a stable and vibrant U.S. economy is a productive U.S. trucking industry. Studies have shown that the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) is strongly correlated to freight transport. As the economy grows, the freight tonnage increases as well as the annual vehicle miles traveled (VMT). Over 80% of all U.S. freight tonnage is transported by diesel power and over 75% is transported by trucks. The improved efficiency of heavy-duty engines and vehicles has been quickly overwhelmed by the increase in annual VMT. This results in heavy-duty vehicles consuming a growing share of the total transportation-related petroleum. Given the vital role that the trucking industry plays in the economy, improving the efficiency of diesel engines is a central focus of this paper.Trucks are the mainstay for trade, commerce, and economic growth. Sustaining a U.S. trucking industry that is competitive in global markets requires innovation. The truck manufacturing and supporting industries are faced with numerous challenges to reduce oil consumption and greenhouse gases, meet stringent emissions regulations, provide customer value, and improve safety. A key part of the strategy to meet these requirements is to improve the efficiency of the internal combustion engine (ICE) powering the trucks. The performance, low cost, and fuel flexibility render the ICE the leading candidate to power commercial vehicles for many decades.Historically, diesel engine technologies have taken more than 10 years after first introduced to diffuse throughout the commercial vehicle marketplace. This rate is faster when fuel economy provides a business advantage to the vehicle's owner. Increased efficiency and reduced emissions of diesel engines can be realized through technologies that improve engine design and better integrate systems. Engine manufacturers have a growing need to refine the capability to innovate, design, develop, and validate engine efficiency improvements. Therefore, the primary purpose of this paper is to provide guidelines and tools that allow ...

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Section: Component-based Approach For Vocational Trucks and Line-haulmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Component-based Approach For Vocational Trucks and Line-haulmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Constructing a Fuel Energy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Systematic Development of Highly Efficient and Clean Engines to Meet Future Commercial Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Regulations

Stanton

2013

SAE Int. J. Engines

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A study by Wu et al showed that real world NO X emissions from Euro IV certified heavy-duty buses using SCR exhaust aftertreatment systems were substantially higher than the certified limit suggesting that the certification cycle does not accurately represent real-world conditions. Andreae et al found that poor vehicle integration and misalignment of engine and vehicle test cycles can be significant contributors to the emissions discrepancy. Low-load driving at slow speeds can also cause elevated NO X emissions in heavy-duty diesel engines equipped with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) devices for reducing NO X emissions due to low temperature inactivity of SCR catalysts. ,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lagrangian Hotspots of In-Use NO_X Emissions from Transit Buses

Kotz

Kittelson

Northrop

2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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In-use, spatiotemporal NOX emissions were measured from a conventional powertrain transit bus and a series electric hybrid bus over gradients of route kinetic intensity and ambient temperature. This paper introduces a new method for identifying NOX emissions hotspots along a bus route using high fidelity Lagrangian vehicle data to explore spatial interactions that may influence emissions production. Our study shows that the studied transit buses emit higher than regulated emissions because on-route operation does not accurately represent the range of engine operation tested according to regulatory standards. Using the Lagrangian hotspot detection, we demonstrate that NOX hotspots occurred at bus stops, during cold starts, on inclines, and for accelerations. On the selected routes, bus stops resulted in 3.3 times the route averaged emissions factor in grams/km without significant dependence on bus type or climate. The buses also emitted 2.3 times the route averaged NOX emissions factor at the beginning of each route due to cold selective catalytic reduction aftertreatment temperature. The Lagrangian hotspot detection technique demonstrated here could be employed in future connected vehicles empowered by advances in computational power, data storage capability, and improved sensor technology to optimize emissions as a function of spatial location.

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“…For heavy-duty vehicles in the US, instead of chassis dynamometer testing, only engine dynamometer testing over the Transient Heavy Duty Engine FTP cycle is required by federal regulations. Standard cycles for chassis or engine dynamometers offer a way to compare performance between different vehicles, however, they don't necessarily represent the behavior of all real-world operation [2]. Therefore, investigations are devoted to create representative driving cycles indicative of real world vehicle operation for specific traffic conditions in a particular area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Derivation of a Representative Engine Duty Cycle from On-Road Heavy-Duty Vehicle Driving Data

Peng¹,

Nix²,

Li³

et al. 2017

JTTs

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The heavy-duty vehicle fleet involved in delivering water and sand makes noticeable issues of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption in the process of shale gas development. To examine the possibility of converting these heavy-duty diesel engines to run on natural gas-diesel dual-fuel, a transient engine duty cycle representing the real-world engine working conditions is necessary. In this paper, a methodology is proposed, and a target engine duty cycle comprising of 2231 seconds is developed from on-road data collected from 11 on-road sand and water hauling trucks. The similarity of inherent characteristics of the developed cycle and the base trip observed is evidenced by the 2.05% error of standard deviation and average values for normalized engine speed and engine torque. Our results show that the proposed approach is expected to produce a representative cycle of in-use heavy-duty engine behavior.

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Emissions Certification Vehicle Cycles Based on Heavy Duty Engine Test Cycles

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Systematic Development of Highly Efficient and Clean Engines to Meet Future Commercial Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Regulations

Systematic Development of Highly Efficient and Clean Engines to Meet Future Commercial Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Regulations

Lagrangian Hotspots of In-Use NO_X Emissions from Transit Buses

Derivation of a Representative Engine Duty Cycle from On-Road Heavy-Duty Vehicle Driving Data

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Emissions Certification Vehicle Cycles Based on Heavy Duty Engine Test Cycles

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Systematic Development of Highly Efficient and Clean Engines to Meet Future Commercial Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Regulations

Systematic Development of Highly Efficient and Clean Engines to Meet Future Commercial Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Regulations

Lagrangian Hotspots of In-Use NOX Emissions from Transit Buses

Derivation of a Representative Engine Duty Cycle from On-Road Heavy-Duty Vehicle Driving Data

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Product

Resources

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Lagrangian Hotspots of In-Use NO_X Emissions from Transit Buses