Emissions and accumulation of metals in the atmosphere due to crackers and sparkles during Diwali festival in India

Kulshrestha, Umesh Chandra; Rao, Tentu Nageswara; Azhaguvel, Srinivasan; Kulshrestha, Monika J.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.05.044

Cited by 201 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The background concentration refers to the measurements carried out along the week in periods when mascletà peaks did not take place and should represent the city "normal" concentrations. The concentrations we found are higher than those found in other studies [4,10,17] and for many elements similar to the ones found by Kuhlteshta et al and Sarkar et al for Diwali festival [6,18] and Wang et al for Lantern Festival [5] (our data were averaged in the same time scales used in the cited article).…”

Section: Elemental Concentration With One-hour Temporal Resolutionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In the last few years several research studies have been published in literature reporting on urban airborne particles data related to worldwide popular pyrotechnic events, such as New Year's Eve [1], national festivities [2,3], sporting championship celebrations [4], and light festivals [5,6]. Most of these published studies were carried out from pre-event to post-event pyrotechnic performances in order to evaluate urban background air quality variations usually within an hourly or daily time resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-time resolution and size-segregated elemental composition in high-intensity pyrotechnic exposures

Crespo

Yubero

Nicolás

et al. 2012

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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h i g h l i g h t sStreaker/Dekati/PIXE are suitable to study high-intensity short-lived firework events. Fireworks related elements showed >80% elemental mass in the submicrometric region. Resuspended soil dust is an important source of atmospheric particles in these shows. a r t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c tTypical of festivals in Eastern Spain, mascletàs are high-intensity pyrotechnic events where thousands of firecrackers are burnt in an intense, rapid episode that generates short-lived heavy aerosol clouds. High temporal resolution and size distribution characterisation of aerosol components were performed to evaluate the effects of the brief (<30 min) and acute exposure on the spectators present. Very high concentrations of firework specific elements, especially in the fine fraction, were reached during mascletàs, with values of about 500 g/m 3 for K and 300 g/m 3 for Cl. Sr, Al, Mg, Ba, Cu, Co, Zn, and Pb concentration increase factors of more than 100 (1000 for Sr and Ba) were observed in the fine fraction with respect to background levels. Crustal origin elements, like Ca, Fe, Si, Ti, also showed an important concentration rise (∼10 times above background levels) but this is due to dust resuspension by pyrotechnic explosions. The crustal components are mainly in the coarse mode (>90% elemental mass), between 2 and 3 m. Most firework related metals are concentrated in the submicrometric region (>80%) with a trimodal size distribution. This may be interesting to epidemiologists given the toxic effects that such fine, metal-rich particles can have on human health.

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Section: Elemental Concentration With One-hour Temporal Resolutionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-time resolution and size-segregated elemental composition in high-intensity pyrotechnic exposures

Crespo

Yubero

Nicolás

et al. 2012

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Heavy metals and other toxic contaminants have been detected in fish communities, various kinds of sea food, suspended particulate matter (SPM), marine sediments and soils, with values that can be several times higher than the maximum standard level (Mehta, 1997;Khan and Khan, 2003;Kulshrestha et al, 2004;Tripathi et al, 2004;Reddy et al, 2005;Hossain and Islam, 2006;Basha et al, 2007;Mitra et al, 2012;Neşer et al, 2013b). Therefore, all organisms including humans are susceptible to adverse health effects through uptake of contaminated sea food.…”

Section: Fisheries Of Bombay Ducks (Harpodon Neherius) Hilsa Fish Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources, factors, mechanisms and possible solutions to pollutants in marine ecosystems

Mostofa

Liu

Vione

et al. 2013

Environmental Pollution

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. Sources, factors, mechanisms and possible solutions to pollutants in marine ecosystems. Environ. Pollut. 2013, 182, 461-478. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013 You may download, copy and otherwise use the AAM for non-commercial purposes provided that your license is limited by the following restrictions:(1) You may use this AAM for non-commercial purposes only under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND license.(2) The integrity of the work and identification of the author, copyright owner, and publisher must be preserved in any copy.(3) You must attribute this AAM in the following format: habitats during the breeding period of marine species, usually for few days; and (ii) in some specific marine locations that have high biodiversity and target and non-target ecosystem components. Possible remedial measures are assessed, but their effective coming into force strongly depends on the public awareness of existing problems and on the priority level that such problems will reach in policy making.

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“…A wide variety of pyrotechnics are used to produce various visual, light, sound, gas and smoke effects. The emissions from these fireworks have been reported to elevate levels of PM in ambient air during festive celebrations (Kulshrestha et al, 2004;Drewnick et al, 2005;Moreno et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2007;Steinhauser et al, 2008;Vecchi et al, 2008). The metallic nature of airborne particles emitted from the fireworks is of great health concern (Smith and Vu, 1975;Murty, 2000;Ravindra et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate Emissions from Commercial Handheld Sparklers: Evaluation of Physical Characteristics and Emission Rates

Betha

Balasubramanian

2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Ground level fireworks, such as sparklers, are commonly used by children during festive occasions and celebrations. Airborne particulate matter (PM) emissions from these fireworks are of serious health concern. However, to date no information is available on the PM emission characteristics from sparklers and their emission rates. In this study, three commonly used sparklers, namely, low smoke sparklers (LSS), colored sparklers (CS) and whistling sparklers (WS), were investigated for their PM emissions and emission rates. It was observed that WS (4.45 × 10 11 s -1 or 3.24 × 10 10 g -1) had higher emission rates compared to CS (2.9 × 10 11 s -1 or 1.64 × 10 10 g -1 ) and LSS (7 × 10 10 s -1 or 1.68 × 10 9 g -1 ). A relatively large number of nanoparticles (NPs) were emitted from their burning. About 83% of PM emitted by WS and CS were in the nano size range (aerodynamic diameter (AED) < 50 nm) whereas LSS had 62% of total particles in the nano size range. In addition, particle deposition fractions into the lung were also estimated. It was found that CS and WS had higher deposition efficiency compared to that of LSS.

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Emissions and accumulation of metals in the atmosphere due to crackers and sparkles during Diwali festival in India

Cited by 201 publications

References 5 publications

High-time resolution and size-segregated elemental composition in high-intensity pyrotechnic exposures

High-time resolution and size-segregated elemental composition in high-intensity pyrotechnic exposures

Sources, factors, mechanisms and possible solutions to pollutants in marine ecosystems

Particulate Emissions from Commercial Handheld Sparklers: Evaluation of Physical Characteristics and Emission Rates

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