Emission rates from unvented gas appliances

Moschandreas, Demetrios J.; Relwani, S.M.; Johnson, Derek; Billick, Irwin H.

doi:10.1016/0160-4120(86)90036-x

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The CMR model is formulated from a material balance applied to a gaseous pollutant in the room, assuming that the concentration is uniform throughout the room. Under this assumption, the rate of change of an indoor pollutant concentration C(t) with time t is described by (1) where E is the emission rate of the pollutant, V is the volume of the room, and λ is the air exchange rate of the room measured in hr -1 .…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have focused on emissions from unvented combustion appliances operated under controlled conditions. 1,2 The goal of this study was to perform in situ measurements in homes previously equipped with unvented natural gas fireplaces to understand the actual pollutants to which these residents are exposed. Three key pollutants with adverse health effects investigated in this paper include CO, NO 2 , and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Indoor Pollutant Levels from the Use of Unvented Natural Gas Fireplaces in Boulder, Colorado

Dutton

Hannigan

Miller

2001

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High CO and NO2 concentrations have been documented in homes with unvented combustion appliances, such as natural gas fireplaces. In addition, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are emitted from incomplete natural gas combustion. The acute health risks of CO and NO2 exposure have been well established for the general population and for certain high-risk groups, including infants, the elderly, and people with heart disease or asthma. Health effects from PAH exposure are less well known, but may include increased risk of cancer. We monitored CO emissions during the operation of unvented natural gas fireplaces in two residences in Boulder, CO, at various times between 1997 and 2000. During 1999, we expanded our tests to include measurements of NO2 and PAH. Results show significant pollutant accumulation indoors when the fireplaces were used for extended periods of time. In one case, CO concentrations greater than 100 ppm accumulated in under 2 hr of operation; a person at rest exposed for 10 hr to this environment would get a mild case of CO poisoning with an estimated 10% carboxyhemoglobin level. Appreciable NO2 concentrations were also detected, with a 4-hr time average reaching 0.36 ppm. Similar time-average total PAH concentrations reached 35 ng/m3. The results of this study provide preliminary insights to potential indoor air quality problems in homes operating unvented natural gas fireplaces in Boulder.

show abstract

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Pollutant Levels from the Use of Unvented Natural Gas Fireplaces in Boulder, Colorado

Dutton

Hannigan

Miller

2001

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Residential natural gas appliances can produce pollutants including carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), formaldehyde, and ultrafine particles (UFP) (Afshari et al, 2005;Brown et al, 2004;Dennekamp et al, 2001;Moschandreas et al, 1986;Singer et al, 2010;Traynor et al, 1985Traynor et al, , 1996. When the exhaust from a gas appliance enters the living space, indoor air quality (IAQ) can be compromised.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Results of the C alifornia H ealthy H omes I ndoor A ir Q uality S tudy of 2011–2013: impact of natural gas appliances on air pollutant concentrations

Mullen

Russell

et al. 2015

Indoor Air

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study was conducted to assess the current impact of natural gas appliances on air quality in California homes. Data were collected via telephone interviews and measurements inside and outside of 352 homes. Passive samplers measured time‐resolved CO and time‐integrated NOX, NO2, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde over ~6‐day periods in November 2011 – April 2012 and October 2012 – March 2013. The fraction of indoor NOX and NO2 attributable to indoor sources was estimated. NOX, NO2, and highest 1‐h CO were higher in homes that cooked with gas and increased with amount of gas cooking. NOX and NO2 were higher in homes with cooktop pilot burners, relative to gas cooking without pilots. Homes with a pilot burner on a floor or wall furnace had higher kitchen and bedroom NOX and NO2 compared to homes without a furnace pilot. When scaled to account for varying home size and mixing volume, indoor‐attributed bedroom and kitchen NOX and kitchen NO2 were not higher in homes with wall or floor furnace pilot burners, although bedroom NO2 was higher. In homes that cooked 4 h or more with gas, self‐reported use of kitchen exhaust was associated with lower NOX, NO2, and highest 1‐h CO. Gas appliances were not associated with higher concentrations of formaldehyde or acetaldehyde.

show abstract

“…A -4 2.3.1.5 Stove range tops CO and N02 emission-rate distributions from gas range-top burners were constructed from laboratory and field measurements. Laboratory emission rates were taken from measurements on three stoves tested by Moschandreas et al (1986); eighteen stoves tested by ; two tested by Cote et al (1974) in both well-tuned and maItuned conditions; two tested by ; and one each tested by Traynor et al (1982a), Traynor et al (1982b), andMIT (1976). In additions, two stoves tested in the field were used .…”

Section: Unvented Gas Space Heatersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macromodel for assessing residential concentrations of combustion-generated pollutants: Model development and preliminary predictions for CO, NO/sub 2/, and respirable suspended particles

Aceti¹,

Apte²,

Traynor³

et al. 1989

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

I. Introduction II. Model Development III. Summary of Model Input Parameters IV. Selected Model Results V. Single-Source and Regional Results VI. Concl usions and Recommenaa tions Acknowledgments Appendix A: Detailed Description of Model Input Parameters Appendix B: Nine-house Study Appendix C: Selected Graphic Output of Preliminary Model Predictions PREFACEThis report is the first in a series intended to assess residential air-pollution concentrations in the U.S. housing stock. A "macromodel" has been developed to simulate/predict selected residential air-pollution concentration distributions across specified house populations.Combustion pollutants are initially addressed because (1) they are a major class of indoor pollutants with documented adverse health effects at elevated concentrations,the underlying mathematical relationships are somewhat understood, and (3) sufficient input data exist to allow the macromodel to obtain results (i~e.,predictions). This report addresses the macromodel development and preliminary predictions for carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and respirable suspended particles. Subsequent reports address (1) sensitivity analysis of the macromodel, (2) micro/macro comparisons, and (3) preliminary predictions for organic compounds and sulphur dioxide.i ABSTRACT A simulation model (also call a "macromodel") has been developed to predict residential air pollutant concentration distributions for specified populations. The model inputs include the market penetration of pollution sources, pollution source characteristics (e.g., emission rates, source usage rates), building characteristics (e.g., house volume, air exchange rates), and meteorological parameters (e.g., outside temperature). Four geographically distinct regions of the U.S. have been modeled using Monte Carlo and deterministic simulation techniques. Single-source simulations were also conducted. The highest predicted CO and N02 residential concentrations were associated with the winter-time use of unvented gas and kerosene space heaters. The highest predicted respirable suspended particulate concentrations were associated with indoor cigarette smoking and the winter-time use of non-airtight wood stoves, radiant kerosene heaters, convective unvented gas space heaters, and oil forced-air furnaces. Future field studies in this area should (1) fill information gaps identified in this report, and (2) collect information on the macromodel input parameters to properly interpret the results. It is almost more important to measure the parameters that affect indoor concentration than it is to measure the concentrations themselves. ii I -2Approaches to assess total exposures to air pollutants fall into three categories: (1) personal monitoring (i.e., dosimetry); (2) monitoring of concentrations in the various human environments; and (3) modeling of exposures based on a wide array of information, including pollutant sources, building characteristics, pollutant behavior, and human activities. These approaches can be complementary. Moreover, the ...

show abstract

Emission rates from unvented gas appliances

Cited by 10 publications

References 1 publication

Indoor Pollutant Levels from the Use of Unvented Natural Gas Fireplaces in Boulder, Colorado

Indoor Pollutant Levels from the Use of Unvented Natural Gas Fireplaces in Boulder, Colorado

Results of the C alifornia H ealthy H omes I ndoor A ir Q uality S tudy of 2011–2013: impact of natural gas appliances on air pollutant concentrations

Macromodel for assessing residential concentrations of combustion-generated pollutants: Model development and preliminary predictions for CO, NO/sub 2/, and respirable suspended particles

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About