Emission profiles from the foam and refrigeration sectors comparison with atmospheric concentrations. Part 2: results and discussion

Ashford, Paul; Clodic, Denis; McCulloch, Archie; Kuijpers, L. J. M.

doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2004.08.003

Cited by 26 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…HFC-152a has an estimated atmospheric lifetime of 1.55 yr (Greally et al, 2007) and is used predominately in foamblowing and aerosol spray applications (Ashford et al, 2004b). For HFC-152a, the a priori emission data were calculated slightly differently than for HFC-134a.…”

Section: Hfc-152amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For HFC-152a, the a priori emission data were calculated slightly differently than for HFC-134a. As no global emission data from AFEAS are available, we used projections from Ashford et al (2004b) for 2005-2007 directly (i.e., without adjustment to AFEAS emissions). Furthermore, UNFCCC country total emissions are available for fewer countries than for HFC-134a.…”

Section: Hfc-152amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Where available, we used this information. Data for the USA -the largest emitter of HFC-152a, according to Ashford et al (2004b) -are missing for confidentiality reasons. A distribution of emissions according to the world population distribution would definitely lead to an underestimation of HFC-152a emissions in the USA (about 1 kt/yr).…”

Section: Hfc-152amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Halocarbon emissions can be determined using production, sales and consumption data such as provided by industry through the Alternative Fluorocarbons Environmental Acceptability Study (AFEAS, 2007) (http://www.afeas.org/), by the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel of the UNEP/IPCC (TEAP, 2005), or as reported in a number of other studies (e.g., McCulloch et al, 2003;Ashford et al, 2004b). The emissions can also be determined from atmospheric measurement data in conjunction with an atmospheric transport model that relates emissions to atmospheric concentrations, and an inversion algorithm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An analytical inversion method for determining regional and global emissions of greenhouse gases: Sensitivity studies and application to halocarbons

et al. 2009

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Abstract.A new analytical inversion method has been developed to determine the regional and global emissions of long-lived atmospheric trace gases. It exploits in situ measurement data from three global networks and builds on backward simulations with a Lagrangian particle dispersion model. The emission information is extracted from the observed concentration increases over a baseline that is itself objectively determined by the inversion algorithm. The method was applied to two hydrofluorocarbons (HFC-134a, HFC-152a) and a hydrochlorofluorocarbon for the period January 2005 until March 2007. Detailed sensitivity studies with synthetic as well as with real measurement data were done to quantify the influence on the results of the a priori emissions and their uncertainties as well as of the observation and model errors. It was found that the global a posteriori emissions of HFC-134a, HFC-152a and HCFC-22 all increased from 2005 to 2006. Large increases (21%, 16%, 18%, respectively) from 2005 to 2006 were found for China, whereas the emission changes in North America (−9%, 23%, 17%, respectively) and Europe (11%, 11%, −4%, respectively) were mostly smaller and less systematic. For Europe, the a posteriori emissions of HFC-134a and HFC-152a were Correspondence to: A. Stohl (ast@nilu.no) slightly higher than the a priori emissions reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). For HCFC-22, the a posteriori emissions for Europe were substantially (by almost a factor 2) higher than the a priori emissions used, which were based on HCFC consumption data reported to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Combined with the reported strongly decreasing HCFC consumption in Europe, this suggests a substantial time lag between the reported time of the HCFC-22 consumption and the actual time of the HCFC-22 emission. Conversely, in China where HCFC consumption is increasing rapidly according to the UNEP data, the a posteriori emissions are only about 40% of the a priori emissions. This reveals a substantial storage of HCFC-22 and potential for future emissions in China. Deficiencies in the geographical distribution of stations measuring halocarbons in relation to estimating regional emissions are also discussed in the paper.

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Section: Hfc-152amentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hfc-152amentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hfc-152amentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An analytical inversion method for determining regional and global emissions of greenhouse gases: Sensitivity studies and application to halocarbons

et al. 2009

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“…HFC-152a (CH 3 CHF 2 ) is primarily sold as an aerosol and foam-blowing agent (Greally et al, 2007) and as a component of some refrigerant blends (Ashford et al, 2004). Emissions to the atmosphere show both temporal and regional variability depending on the specific application in which HFC-152a is used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global and regional emissions estimates of 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a, CH<sub>3</sub>CHF<sub>2</sub>) from in situ and air archive observations

et al. 2016

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Abstract. High frequency, in situ observations from 11 globally distributed sites for the period 1994-2014 and archived air measurements dating from 1978 onward have been used to determine the global growth rate of 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a, CH 3 CHF 2 ). These observations have been combined with a range of atmospheric transport models to derive global emission estimates in a topdown approach.

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Performance Analysis of Domestic Refrigerator Using Hydrocarbon Refrigerant Mixtures with ANN and Fuzzy Logic System

Reddy

Bhramara

Govindarajulu

2018

Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow

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Emission profiles from the foam and refrigeration sectors comparison with atmospheric concentrations. Part 2: results and discussion

Cited by 26 publications

References 3 publications

An analytical inversion method for determining regional and global emissions of greenhouse gases: Sensitivity studies and application to halocarbons

An analytical inversion method for determining regional and global emissions of greenhouse gases: Sensitivity studies and application to halocarbons

Global and regional emissions estimates of 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a, CH<sub>3</sub>CHF<sub>2</sub>) from in situ and air archive observations

Performance Analysis of Domestic Refrigerator Using Hydrocarbon Refrigerant Mixtures with ANN and Fuzzy Logic System

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Emission profiles from the foam and refrigeration sectors comparison with atmospheric concentrations. Part 2: results and discussion

Cited by 26 publications

References 3 publications

An analytical inversion method for determining regional and global emissions of greenhouse gases: Sensitivity studies and application to halocarbons

An analytical inversion method for determining regional and global emissions of greenhouse gases: Sensitivity studies and application to halocarbons

Global and regional emissions estimates of 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a, CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;CHF&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) from in situ and air archive observations

Performance Analysis of Domestic Refrigerator Using Hydrocarbon Refrigerant Mixtures with ANN and Fuzzy Logic System

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Product

Resources

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Global and regional emissions estimates of 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a, CH<sub>3</sub>CHF<sub>2</sub>) from in situ and air archive observations