Emission modeling of styrene from vinyl ester resins

Scala, John J. La; Ulven, Chad A.; Orlicki, Joshua A.; Jain, Rahul; Palmese, Giuseppe R.; Vaidya, Uday; Sands, James M.

doi:10.1007/s10098-006-0076-1

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The EPA guidelines show that VOC emissions can be reduced from composite resins by simply reducing the volatile content in the resin [51][52][53]. This has also be found by La Scala et al [27,52,53], who measured the styrene emissions of bimodal resins as a function of styrene content and vinyl ester molecular weight; as shown in their work bimodal resins with lower styrene content, produces less styrene emissions. Therefore, the styrene emissions will lower while using blends of styrene and AFAME, because of the employment of a less-volatile reactive diluent than styrene that produces a reduction in styrene vapor pressure.…”

Section: Thermomechanical Properties Of Polymersmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…One of the most important aspects to consider from this work is that we were able to reduce the VOCs emissions using blends of AFAME and styrene. The EPA guidelines show that VOC emissions can be reduced from composite resins by simply reducing the volatile content in the resin [51][52][53]. This has also be found by La Scala et al [27,52,53], who measured the styrene emissions of bimodal resins as a function of styrene content and vinyl ester molecular weight; as shown in their work bimodal resins with lower styrene content, produces less styrene emissions.…”

Section: Thermomechanical Properties Of Polymersmentioning

confidence: 61%

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The use of acrylated fatty acid methyl esters as styrene replacements in triglyceride‐based thermosetting polymers

Campanella

Scala

Wool

2009

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Resins containing plant oil‐based cross‐linkers were studied with two reactive diluents: a styrene and an acrylated fatty acid methyl ester‐based (AFAME) monomer. Acrylated epoxidized soybean oil and maleinated castor oil monoglyceride were bio‐based cross‐linkers used. The viscosity and mechanical properties of the resulting polymers were measured and analyzed. Both bio‐based cross‐linkers prepared using the modified AFAME as diluent had a fairly high viscosity, so blends of AFAME and styrene were needed to meet the viscosity requirements established by the composite industry (<1000 cP at room temperature). In addition, the glass transition temperature (Tg) and stiffness of bio‐based cross‐linker/AFAME polymers were significantly lower than the resin/styrene polymers. Ternary blends of maleinated castor oil monoglyceride with AFAME and styrene improved the mechanical properties to acceptable comparable values (storage modulus at 30°C ∼ 1200 MPa and Tg ∼ 100°C). The addition of 5 wt% of chemically modified lignin led to an improvement in the mechanical properties of the polymeric matrix but caused an increase in the viscosity. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Thermomechanical Properties Of Polymersmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Thermomechanical Properties Of Polymersmentioning

confidence: 61%

The use of acrylated fatty acid methyl esters as styrene replacements in triglyceride‐based thermosetting polymers

Campanella

Scala

Wool

2009

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…So vinyl ester resin possesses excellent properties of both unsaturated polyester and epoxy resin, such as desirable mechanical properties, high corrosion resistance, dimensional stability and low assembly costs. Therefore, vinyl ester resin is now widely used in automotive, marine, metallurgy, military, sports, pharmacy, construction and other industrial fields [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Vinyl Ester Bio‐copolymers Derived from Dimer Fatty Acids: Preparation, Characterization and Properties

Li¹,

Xia²,

Li³

et al. 2013

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Two different vinyl ester resin monomers derived from dimer fatty acids (DA), dimer fatty acids polymerized glycidyl methacrylate (DA-p-GMA) resin and maleic anhydride modified dimer fatty acids polymerized glycidyl methacrylate (MA-m-DA-p-GMA) resin were prepared via simple ring-opening and esterification. FTIR, 1 H-NMR and GPC results demonstrated that these two target products have been successfully synthesized. Moreover, DA-based vinyl ester resin-styrene copolymers with different weight ratios were also prepared by a thermal polymerization, and their mechanical, morphological and thermal properties were investigated. Mechanical tests displayed that the prepared copolymers had excellent mechanical properties, and even at a low styrene content of 30 wt%, the copolymers still had excellent flexural strength of 29.14 MPa and tensile strength of 15.99 MPa. Micromorphological investigation displayed that the copolymers had glossy and smooth impact resistance fractured surfaces, indicating distinctive fast brittle fracture features. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed that the copolymers' glass-transition temperatures were within a broad range from 44 to 72°C. Thermogravimetric results demonstrated that the copolymers had excellent thermal stability, as all copolymers showed a high thermal initial decomposition temperature above 390°C.

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“…For this purpose for each 50 g sample, placed on the Petri plate of 100 mm diameter, measurements of weight loss were made. The emission level of reactive diluents was calculated according to

Monomer emission ((), normalg \times m^{- 2} \times h^{- 1}) = \frac{Weight loss ((), g)}{Surface of the vessel ((), {normalm}^{2}) \times time ((), h)}

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methacrylate monomer as an alternative to styrene in typical polyester–styrene copolymers

Chabros

Gawdzik

2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This study presents the research on the influence of crosslinking monomers [styrene and diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DEGDMA)] on the properties of unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs). Syntheses of the unsaturated polyesters (UPs) modified with benzyl alcohol were carried out. Then, each polyester was used in preparation of five resin solutions with different amounts of crosslinking monomers acting as reactive diluents. These diluents improve the processability of UPs reducing their viscosities. They also take part in crosslinking of resins during copolymerization process. The properties of the prepared UPRs systems were investigated before and after the curing process. The measurements of their viscosity, reactivity, mechanical properties, thermal stability (thermogravimetry), and dynamic mechanical analysis were performed. Resins where DEGDMA was used as reactive diluent were characterized by the largest viscosities in comparison to styrene ones. The type of the used monomer influenced also degree of the resin crosslinking. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47735.

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Emission modeling of styrene from vinyl ester resins

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

The use of acrylated fatty acid methyl esters as styrene replacements in triglyceride‐based thermosetting polymers

The use of acrylated fatty acid methyl esters as styrene replacements in triglyceride‐based thermosetting polymers

New Vinyl Ester Bio‐copolymers Derived from Dimer Fatty Acids: Preparation, Characterization and Properties

Methacrylate monomer as an alternative to styrene in typical polyester–styrene copolymers

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