Emission Factors of NOx, SO2, PM and VOCs in Pharmaceuticals, Brick and Food Industries in Shanxi, China

Abstract

The acquisition of accurate emission factors (EFs) of pollutants is an inevitable step to the establishment of emission inventories for development of pollution control policies. The current studies were focused on large-scale industries (LSIs) although tremendous pollutants emitted from the small-scale industries (SSIs) with small coal-fired boilers (SCFBs) ascribe to the deficiency of pollutant removal facilities (RFs). A systematic field sampling and measurements conducted in 51 enterprises involving production of pharmaceuticals, brick and food to obtain the EFs of SO 2 , NO x , PM, and VOCs (SNPV) associated with coal consumption (EF I ), industrial output (EF II ), and product yield (EF III ). Among them, PM-RFs were all equipped except for 3 brick factories, no NO x -and VOCs-RFs were installed, and SO 2 -RFs were installed in part. Obvious fluctuations existed in EF I and EF II values among 51 companies owning to the differences of pollutant removal efficiencies, coal compositions, annual outputs, production processes, and products. Co-burning of coal and coal gangue (raw material) in brick production weakened the correlation between sulfur contents in coal and SO 2 EF I values. The using of organic solvents in drug making process promoted the emission of VOCs. SO 2 EFs in factories with RFs were much lower than those factories without RFs. SO 2 EFs dominated over those of PM and NO x among three kinds of enterprises, especially in brick companies. For EF I (in kg t -1 ), food industry possessed highest value for SO 2 , PM, and NO x , while the maximum value for VOCs occurred at pharmaceuticals industry. Due to the low output values of brick companies, their SNPV possessed the highest EF II compared to the other two kinds of factories. NO x EFs experienced lessen fluctuations than other pollutants among all the factories due to the different formation mechanism and no installation of NO x RFs. EF III showed various fluctuations due to the different product types.

PM2.5 Associated PAHs and Inorganic Elements from Combustion of Biomass, Cable Wrapping, Domestic Waste, and Garbage for Power Generation

“…Cu was the main component in wire, which caused the high level of Cu in PM 2.5 from WCC. HMs and As were more concerned than the other elements in their seriously adverse health effects to people (Li et al, 2017a, b;Hu et al, 2019). In this study, the 10 HMs (e.g., Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb, Co, Ni, V, Cr, Cd, Sn) and As most concerned were all detected.…”

“…Serious atmospheric quality deterioration has occurred in rapidly developing China (Fang et al, 2009;Pascal et al, 2013;Li et al, 2017a;Hu et al, 2019;. Zhai et al (2019) reported that PM 2.5 should responsible for 1.1 × 10 6 excess deaths in 2015 in China.…”

Characteristic and Spatiotemporal Variation of Air Pollution in Northern China Based on Correlation Analysis and Clustering Analysis of Five Air Pollutants

“…Pearson correlation analysis was performed using OriginPro 8.0 software (OriginLab Corporation). Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05 (Hu et al, 2019; B. Liu, Wu, et al, 2017; Perrone et al, 2010; M. Song, Liu, Zhang, et al, 2019; Y. Wang et al, 2014).…”

Photoredox-Catalyzed Decomposition of Nitric Oxide over Au-Enhanced Surface Plasmon Resonance ZnSn(OH)6 Microcubes

“…Therein, NO accounts for the majority of NOx (Anthonysamy et al, 2018;Wu et al, 2022). It pollutes the air and directly affects humans, animals, and plants (Harikrishnan et al, 2005;Hu et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2022). Therefore, the discovery and development of NO treatment technologies are of great interest to scientists and engineers (Chou et al, 2022).…”