Emerging role of extracellular vesicles in the respiratory system

Holtzman, Joshua; Lee, Heedoo

doi:10.1038/s12276-020-0450-9

Cited by 47 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Indeed, in EVs isolated from human healthy volunteers, BALF carries MHC I and II, CD54, CD63, and the co-stimulatory molecule CD86, implicating their potential roles in immune regulation [ 62 ]. Similar studies in other chronic respiratory conditions (e.g., asthma, COPD, and lung cancer) confirm the disease-propagating role of EVs [ 63 , 64 ]. These findings highlight the importance of EVs in lung microenvironment signaling.…”

Section: Evs In Ild Pathogenesissupporting

confidence: 72%

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Extracellular Vesicles in Interstitial Lung Diseases

Ibrahim¹,

Ibrahim

Parimon

2021

Diagnostics

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Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are chronic irreversible pulmonary conditions with significant morbidity and mortality. Diagnostic approaches to ILDs are complex and multifactorial. Effective therapeutic interventions are continuously investigated and explored with substantial progress, thanks to advances in basic understanding and translational efforts. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer a new paradigm in diagnosis and treatment. This leads to two significant implications: new disease biomarker discovery that enables reliable diagnosis and disease assessment and the development of regenerative medicine therapeutics that target fibroproliferative processes in diseased lung tissue. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the role of diseased tissue-derived EVs in the development of interstitial lung diseases, the utility of these EVs as diagnostic and prognostic tools, and the existing therapeutic utility of EVs. Furthermore, we review the potential therapeutic application of EVs derived from various cellular sources.

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Section: Evs In Ild Pathogenesissupporting

confidence: 72%

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Extracellular Vesicles in Interstitial Lung Diseases

Ibrahim¹,

Ibrahim

Parimon

2021

Diagnostics

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“…Due to the surrounding lipid membrane, EVs prevent degradation of the transported lipid mediators (e.g., eicosanoids), proteins (cytokines, chemokines, growth factors), genetic material (mRNA, long non-coding RNAs, short non-coding RNAs/miRs, nuclear and mitochondrial DNA) and organelles (e.g., mitochondria) by enzymes. EVs in the bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) are mainly lung-specific exosomes, suggesting that exosomes predominantly serve for local signaling [ 52 ] with most cross talk taking place between alveolar epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages. Lung cells communicate intensely via EVs, which are released by respiratory cells at the apical and at the basal site, by alveolar macrophages, by other immune cells in the lungs and by fibroblasts [ 53 ].…”

Section: Types Of Mscs and Msc-derived Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exchange of EVs between blood and lung can explain why intravenously administered EVs can influence lung physiology. Information on the mechanism of intercellular signaling by miRs and proteins contained in EVs are available in several reviews (e.g., [ 52 , 54 , 55 ]).…”

Section: Types Of Mscs and Msc-derived Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Products in Lung Diseases—Intravenous Administration versus Inhalation

Frőhlich

2021

Pharmaceutics

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The number of publications studying the therapeutic use of stem cells has steadily increased since 2000. Compared to other applications, there has been little interest in the evaluation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived products (mostly extracellular vesicles) for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Due to the lack of efficient treatments for acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the action of MSCs has also been studied. This review describes mode of action and use of MSCs and MSC-derived products in the treatment of lung diseases including the respective advantages and limitations of the products. Further, issues related to standardized production are addressed. Administration by inhalation of MSCs, compared to intravenous injection, could decrease cell damage by shear stress, eliminate the barrier to reach target cells in the alveoli, prevent thrombus formation in the pulmonary vasculature and retention in filter for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. There is more feasible to deliver extracellular vesicles than MSCs with inhalers, offering the advantage of non-invasive and repeated administration by the patient. Major obstacles for comparison of results are heterogeneity of the products, differences in the treatment protocols and small study cohorts.

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“…38 Cellular origin and microenvironment directly influence EVs' effect on the cells they communicate with. 39 EVs can bind to recipient cells by interactions with tetraspanin proteins, integrins (ITGs), immunoglobulins and proteoglycans. 40 Once bound they can deliver their message by entering the cell or by ligand-receptor activation.…”

Section: Evs As Mediators Of Intercellular Communication In the Lungmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of extracellular vesicles in chronic lung disease

Trappe

Donnelly

McNally

et al. 2021

Thorax

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To explore the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in chronic lung diseases.EVs are emerging as mediators of intercellular communication and possible diagnostic markers of disease. EVs harbour cargo molecules including RNA, lipids and proteins that they transfer to recipient cells. EVs are intercellular communicators within the lung microenvironment. Due to their disease-specific cargoes, EVs have the promise to be all-in-one complex multimodal biomarkers. EVs also have potential as drug carriers in chronic lung disease.Descriptive discussion of key studies of EVs as contributors to disease pathology, as biomarkers and as potential therapies with a focus on chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF), asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer.We provide a broad overview of the roles of EV in chronic respiratory disease. Recent advances in profiling EVs have shown their potential as biomarker candidates. Further studies have provided insight into their disease pathology, particularly in inflammatory processes across a spectrum of lung diseases. EVs are on the horizon as new modes of drug delivery and as therapies themselves in cell-based therapeutics.EVs are relatively untapped sources of information in the clinic that can help further detail the full translational nature of chronic lung disorders.

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Emerging role of extracellular vesicles in the respiratory system

Cited by 47 publications

References 89 publications

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Extracellular Vesicles in Interstitial Lung Diseases

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Extracellular Vesicles in Interstitial Lung Diseases

Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Products in Lung Diseases—Intravenous Administration versus Inhalation

Role of extracellular vesicles in chronic lung disease

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