Emerging nanoparticulate drug delivery systems of metformin

Abstract

Background Driving the conventional drug in new applications has emerged as a research hotspot for disease treatment. Metformin (MET) is conventionally used for the treatment of type II diabetes. It has also been found to be a versatile molecule with wide biological functions, such as losing weight. anti-aging and anticancer activity. Rational design of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems (nano-DDS) could significantly improve drug delivery efficiency. Recently, a wide range of nano-DDS has been developed to improve the delivery efficacy of MET or to perform as versatile nanoplatforms for efficient drug delivery. Area covered In this review, we outline the emerging trends in advanced nano-DDS of MET, focusing on nano-DDS of MET for diabetes therapy, nano-DDS of MET for anticancer therapeutics, and nano-DDS of MET for other therapeutic aims. Expert opinion Despite the great progression in nano-DDS of MET, there's still a long way to truly put the conventional drug in new applications. Several important issues should be fully taken into consideration, such the manufacturing cost and economic burdens for patients, the biocompatibility and long-term toxicity of carrier materials, scale-up preparation difficulties, as well as the species gap between human beings and animal models.

Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, Anti-Inflammatory Agents and Their Delivery Nanosystems

“…They can be modified to target specific sites in the tract; they increase bioavailability and solubility of the drug and provide sustained release in the gastrointestinal tract [ 96 , 97 ]. The oral nano DDSs are absorbed into the blood differently compared to free drugs in traditional formulations with the main contribution of lymph absorption and endocytosis of nanoparticles [ 98 ]. Intravenous or oral DDSs are suitable for the administration of peptides and proteins because they are protected against degradation by proteolytic enzymes in this way ( Figure 3 ).…”

Therapeutic Applications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Drug Metformin in Patients with Osteoarthritis

“…OCTs are known to mediate metformin entry into target tissues [ 139 , 140 ]. Thus, oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of metformin depend on the transporters [ 140 , 141 , 142 ]. Further, a diversity of approaches has been proposed and studied to improve the delivery efficacy of metformin for musculoskeletal treatments [ 143 , 144 , 145 ].…”

Nanovesicle-Mediated Delivery Systems for CRISPR/Cas Genome Editing

“…Among cationic lipids, the quaternary amine group-containing 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammoniumpropane (DOTAP) has been widely used as a component of cationic liposomes [ 54 ]. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified DOTAP-based cationic liposomes have been studied for delivery of sgRNA specific for enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and plasmid DNA encoding Cas9 (pCas9) ( Figure 2 A) [ 53 ].…”