Emerging Mosquito-Borne Threats and the Response from European and Eastern Mediterranean Countries

Johnson, Nicholas; Marco, M. Fernández de; Giovannini, Armando; Ippoliti, Carla; Danzetta, Maria Luisa; Svartz, Gili; Erster, Oran; Groschup, Martin H.; Ziegler, Ute; Mirazimi, Alì; Monteil, Vanessa; Beck, Cécile; Gonzalez, Gaëlle; Lecollinet, Sylvie; Attoui, Houssam; Moutailler, Sara

doi:10.3390/ijerph15122775

Cited by 39 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…The spread of vector-borne diseases, particularly those vectored by mosquitoes, is one of the main problems humanity has faced (Johnson et al, 2018). The relevance of the topic to human health has encouraged a great number of epidemiological studies in this field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological Insight Into Mosquito Microbiome Studies

Rodríguez‐Ruano

Juhaňáková

Vávra

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Symbiotic bacteria affect competence for pathogen transmission in insect vectors, including mosquitoes. However, knowledge on mosquito-microbiome-pathogen interactions remains limited, largely due to methodological reasons. The current, cost-effective practice of sample pooling used in mosquito surveillance and epidemiology prevents correlation of individual traits (i.e., microbiome profile) and infection status. Moreover, many mosquito studies employ laboratory-reared colonies that do not necessarily reflect the natural microbiome composition and variation in wild populations. As a consequence, epidemiological and microbiome studies in mosquitoes are to some extent uncoupled, and the interactions among pathogens, microbiomes, and natural mosquito populations remain poorly understood. This study focuses on the effect the pooling practice poses on mosquito microbiome profiles, and tests different approaches to find an optimized low-cost methodology for extensive sampling while allowing for accurate, individual-level microbiome studies. We tested the effect of pooling by comparing wild-caught, individually processed mosquitoes with pooled samples. With individual mosquitoes, we also tested two methodological aspects that directly affect the cost and feasibility of broad-scale molecular studies: sample preservation and tissue dissection. Pooling affected both alpha-and beta-diversity measures of the microbiome, highlighting the importance of using individual samples when possible. Both RNA and DNA yields were higher when using inexpensive reagents such as NAP (nucleic acid preservation) buffer or absolute ethanol, without freezing for short-term storage. Microbiome alpha-and beta-diversity did not show overall significant differences between the tested treatments compared to the controls (freshly extracted samples or dissected guts). However, the use of standardized protocols is highly recommended to avoid methodological bias in the data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological Insight Into Mosquito Microbiome Studies

Rodríguez‐Ruano

Juhaňáková

Vávra

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Therefore, entomological surveillance is critical to understand mosquito population invasion processes and their potential impact on human health. In particular, Aedes species are of greater concern due to their competence as vectors of several pathogens such as, for instance, dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses [2]. Improvement in surveillance systems allows better detection of the introduction of invasive Aedes species [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics and Distribution of the Invasive Mosquito Aedes koreicus in a Temperate European City

Kurucz

Manica

Delucchi

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Aedes koreicus is a mosquito species native to Asia that has recently successfully invaded new areas in several European countries. Here, we provide important data on Ae. koreicus establishment in Pécs (Southern Hungary). Mosquito surveillance was carried out weekly between 2016 and 2019 at 10 different sites located throughout the city from May to September. We conducted a statistical analysis to evaluate the most important abiotic factors driving Ae. koreicus abundance. We then calibrated a previously developed temperature-dependent mathematical model to the recorded captures to evaluate mosquito abundance in the study area. We found that too high summer temperatures negatively affect mosquito abundance. The model accurately replicated the observed capture patterns, providing an estimate of Ae. koreicus density for each breeding season, which we interpolated to map Ae. koreicus abundance throughout Pécs. We found a negative correlation between mosquito captures and human density, suggesting that Ae. koreicus does not necessarily require humans for its blood meals. Our study provides a successful application of a previously published mathematical model to investigate Ae. koreicus population dynamics, proving its suitability for future studies, also within an epidemiological framework.

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“…However, WNV has historically been associated with wetlands that provide suitable habitats for Culex mosquitoes as well as for many wild resident or migrating bird species [6][7][8][9][10]. In France, the majority of West Nile outbreaks occurred in the Camargue region [11]. In Spain, areas close to wetlands (<0.5 km) were found to be suitable for WNV occurrence [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological Evidence of West Nile and Usutu Viruses Circulation in Domestic and Wild Birds in Wetlands of Mali and Madagascar in 2008

Chevalier

Marsot

Molia

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The geographical distribution and impact on animal and human health of both West Nile and Usutu viruses, two flaviviruses of the Japanese encephalitis complex, have been increasing during the past two decades. Both viruses circulate in Europe and Africa within a natural cycle between wild birds and mosquitoes, mainly from the Culex genus. We retrospectively analyzed sera from domestic and wild birds sampled in 2008 in two wetlands, namely the Inner Niger Delta, Mali, and the Lake Alaotra area, Madagascar. Sera were first tested using a commercial ID Screen West Nile Competition Multi-species ELISA kit. Then, positive sera and sera with insufficient volume for testing with ELISA were tested with a Microneutralization Test. In Mali, the observed seroprevalence in domestic birds was 28.5% [24.5; 32.8] 95%CI, 3.1 % [1.8; 5.2] 95%CI, 6.2% [3.4; 10.2] 95%CI and 9.8 % [7.3; 12.8] 95%CI, for West Nile virus (WNV), Usutu virus (USUV), undetermined flavivirus, and WNV/USUV respectively. Regarding domestic birds of Madagascar, the observed seroprevalence was 4.4 % [2.1; 7.9]95%CI for WNV, 0.9% [0.1; 3.1] 95%CI for USUV, 1.3% [0.5; 2.8] 95%CI for undetermined flavivirus, and null for WNV/USUV. Among the 150 wild birds sampled in Madagascar, two fulvous whistling-ducks (Dendrocygna bicolor) were positive for WNV and two for an undetermined flavivirus. One white-faced whistling-duck (Dendrocygna viduata) and one Hottentot teal (Spatula hottentota) were tested positive for USUV. African and European wetlands are linked by wild bird migrations. This first detection of USUV—as well as the confirmed circulation of WNV in domestic birds of two wetlands of Mali and Madagascar—emphasizes the need to improve the surveillance, knowledge of epidemiological patterns, and phylogenetic characteristics of flavivirus in Africa, particularly in areas prone to sustained, intense flavivirus transmission such as wetlands.

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Emerging Mosquito-Borne Threats and the Response from European and Eastern Mediterranean Countries

Cited by 39 publications

References 81 publications

Methodological Insight Into Mosquito Microbiome Studies

Methodological Insight Into Mosquito Microbiome Studies

Dynamics and Distribution of the Invasive Mosquito Aedes koreicus in a Temperate European City

Serological Evidence of West Nile and Usutu Viruses Circulation in Domestic and Wild Birds in Wetlands of Mali and Madagascar in 2008

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