Emerging Low‐Dimensional Crystal Structure of Metal Halide Perovskite Optoelectronic Materials and Devices

Abstract

Metal halide perovskites with 3D crystal structures have been attracting widespread attention in the past decade for their outstanding optoelectronic properties and applications. The emergence of low‐dimensional perovskites, which have been successfully demonstrated in varying electronic and optoelectronic applications, offers a number of advantages compared with 3D counterparts due to their tunable and diverse properties. Herein, at first, it is focused on the fundamental understanding about the crystal structure and the unique optical and electronic properties of low‐dimensional perovskite, which are addressed in comparison with 3D perovskites. Moreover, recent developments in application using low‐dimensional perovskite, especially in layered perovskites, are summarized, including solar cells, light‐emitting diodes, photodetectors, lasers, and white‐light emissions, where the main strategies and parameters for enhancing materials properties and the devices performance in varying application are addressed. Finally, the perspectives for the current challenges and the future opportunities of low‐dimensional perovskites are discussed to provide a roadmap to the development in the future.

Quasi-Zero Dimensional Halide Perovskite Derivates: Synthesis, Status, and Opportunity

“…In general, the dimensionality reduction, starting from a 3D compound, happens by substituting the cation A or B so that the lattice structure is distorted. When B is substituted, the distortion mainly affects the B-X-B angle, whose orbital overlap determines the band's symmetry (Chu et al, 2021). The structure distorts until the stoichiometry changes and the perovskite becomes deficient in order to reach a stable configuration (as in 0D HPds).…”

“…The optical bandgap and the excitonic binding energy increase. At the same time, the mobility of the charge carriers and their diffusion length have an increasingly stringent dependence on the crystallographic directions, as the dimensionality is reduced (Chu et al, 2021). In low-dimensional HPds, both Wannier-Mott and self-trapped excitons (STEs) are observed.…”

Temperature-Dependent Luminescence and Anisotropic Optical Properties of Centimeter-Sized One-Dimensional Perovskite Trimethylammonium Lead Iodide Single Crystals

“…In recent years, low-dimensional hybrid halide perovskites (LDHPs) have attracted a great deal of attention in photonic, electronic, and optoelectronic fields due to their tunable and diverse properties. − Compared with three-dimensional (3D) perovskites with 3D inorganic frameworks, the low-dimensional perovskites have an inorganic framework with at least one reduced dimension . Therefore, the formation of low-dimensional hybrid halide perovskites, unlike that of 3D perovskites, , is not limited by the so-called tolerance factor for the cubic structure.…”

Micro–Nanostructure‐Assisted Luminescence in Perovskite Devices

“…As to stimulated emission of perovskite films, intrinsic perovskite cavities, processed perovskite cavities, and extrinsic auxiliary cavities are widely applied in perovskite lasers featuring low threshold and high‐Q factor. It is worth noting that the applications of micro–nanostructures in MHP materials and their correlated devices have been extensively reviewed, [ 33,104,120–125 ] indicating the great importance of micro–nanostructures in this field.…”