Emerging landscape of circHIPK3 and its role in cancer and other diseases (Review)

Abstract

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a special class of recently re-discovered RNAs, which are covalently closed ring RNA molecules. circRNAs have been reported to possess multiple functions and are considered crucial regulators of several processes, and are therefore gaining increasing attention. In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that circRNAs are implicated in several crucial biological processes via regulation of gene expression, and their dysregulation is also associated with the development of numerous diseases, particularly acting as oncogenic or tumor-suppressor molecules in cancer. Furthermore, circRNAs are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis. In the present review, the biogenesis and functions of circRNAs are described, with a focus on the most recent research advances and the emerging roles of circular homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 3 (circHIPK3) in human diseases. The present review may provide novel avenues for research on the roles of circHIPK3 as a clinical diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, as well as highlighting promising therapeutic targets for certain diseases and cancer. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Biogenesis of circRNAs 3. Biological functions of circRNAs 4. circHIPK3 and human diseases 5. Conclusions and future perspectives

The Role of the Dysregulation of Long Non-Coding and Circular RNA Expression in Medulloblastoma: A Systematic Review

“…CircHIPK3 is a well-known circRNA involved in tumorigenesis. However, its expression is usually upregulated in different cancers [81]. In fact, two independent studies in glioma, another type of brain tumor [82,83], showed an overexpression of circHIPK3 and its involvement in the disease by reducing the expression of miR-421 and miR-124, which prevent cell proliferation and growth through CDK6 inhibition [84].…”

Emerging landscape of circFNDC3B and its role in human malignancies

“…Although this provides more options for potential biological markers for cancer, it also creates difficulties in determining the application of a specific molecule. CircHIPK3 and circFOXO3 are two representative molecules that have been studied in a variety of tumors and other diseases ( 108 , 109 ). Unfortunately, the mechanism of action of both is still limited to miRNA sponge.…”

Beta-Transducin Repeats-Containing Proteins as an Anticancer Target

“…CircHIPK3 functions as a scaffold for ELAV-like protein 1 (ELAVL1) and β-TrCP1 to enhance β-TrCP1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of ELAVL1, leading to a decrease in the p21 level and cardiac senescence with a concordant increase in telomere length [145]. Studies suggest that circHIPK3 has a dual role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression [176][177][178]. Further studies are needed to delineate the circHIPK3-mediated regulation of β-TrCP1 activity over a diverse set of its substrates and their functional consequences in tumor development.…”