Emerging highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza viruses in France during winter 2015/16: phylogenetic analyses and markers for zoonotic potential

Briand, François-Xavier; Schmitz, Audrey; Ogor, Katell; Prioux, Aurélie Le; Guillou-Cloarec, Cécile; Guillemoto, Carole; Allée, Chantal; Bras, Marie-Odile Le; Hirchaud, Edouard; Quenault, Hélène; Touzain, Fabrice; Cherbonnel-Pansart, Martine; Lemaitre, Evelyne; Courtillon, Céline; Gares, Hélène; Daniel, P.; Fediaevsky, Alexandre; Massin, Pascale; Blanchard, Yannick; Eterradossi, Nicolas; Werf, Sylvie van der; Jestin, Véronique; Niqueux, Éric

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2017.22.9.30473

Cited by 50 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…The similarity of the cluster around France and England for both the combined bird species plot and that related to ducks and geese suggests that the results from ducks and geese are the main component of this risk cluster. This is consistent with the extensive outbreak of H5 high‐pathogenicity influenza A viruses in duck holdings in southwest France in 2015–2016 (Briand et al, ). The H7 risk ‘hotspots’ were located in Italy and Belgium.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Serological surveillance reveals patterns of exposure to H5 and H7 influenza A viruses in European poultry

Hillman

Smith

Batey

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Influenza A viruses of H5 and H7 subtype in poultry can circulate subclinically and subsequently mutate from low to high pathogenicity with potentially devastating economic and welfare consequences. European Union Member States undertake surveillance of commercial and backyard poultry for early detection and control of subclinical H5 and H7 influenza A infection. This surveillance has moved towards a risk‐based sampling approach in recent years; however, quantitative measures of relative risk associated with risk factors utilized in this approach are necessary for optimization. This study describes serosurveillance for H5 and H7 influenza A in domestic and commercial poultry undertaken in the European Union from 2004 to 2010, where a random sampling and thus representative approach to serosurveillance was undertaken. Using these representative data, this study measured relative risk of seropositivity across poultry categories and spatially across the EU. Data were analysed using multivariable logistic regression. Domestic waterfowl, game birds, fattening turkeys, ratites, backyard poultry and the ‘other’ poultry category holdings had relatively increased probability of H5 and/or H7 influenza A seropositivity, compared to laying‐hen holdings. Amongst laying‐hen holdings, free‐range rearing was associated with increased probability of H7 seropositivity. Spatial analyses detected ‘hotspots’ for H5 influenza A seropositivity in western France and England, and H7 influenza A seropositivity in Italy and Belgium, which may be explained by the demographics and distribution of poultry categories. Findings suggest certain poultry category holdings are at increased risk of subclinical H5 and/or H7 influenza A circulation, and free‐range rearing increases the likelihood of exposure to H7 influenza A. These findings may be used in further refining risk‐based surveillance strategies and prioritizing management strategies in influenza A outbreaks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Serological surveillance reveals patterns of exposure to H5 and H7 influenza A viruses in European poultry

Hillman

Smith

Batey

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Of particular interest is the continued global spread of HPAI H5N1 viruses and their derivatives in wild waterfowl and domestic poultry, with the threat of spillover into human populations [84][85][86][87]. A multi-faceted approach to influenza pandemic preparedness is necessary and one aspect of this is to develop improved therapeutic treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza virus replication in macrophages: balancing protection and pathogenesis

Cline

Beck

Bianchini

2017

Journal of General Virology

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Macrophages are essential for protection against influenza A virus infection, but are also implicated in the morbidity and mortality associated with severe influenza disease, particularly during infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus. While influenza virus infection of macrophages was once thought to be abortive, it is now clear that certain virus strains can replicate productively in macrophages. This may have important consequences for the antiviral functions of macrophages, the course of disease and the outcome of infection for the host. In this article, we review findings related to influenza virus replication in macrophages and the impact of productive replication on macrophage antiviral functions. A clear understanding of the interactions between influenza viruses and macrophages may lead to new antiviral therapies to relieve the burden of severe disease associated with influenza viruses.

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“…Several other recent emerging zoonoses followed decades of increases in stock, as quantified from FAOSTAT [7]: the emergence of Q-fever in the Netherlands in 2007 [21] followed a period of rapid increase in goat populations, the emergence of the Middle-East Respiratory Syndroms (MERS) in the middle-east in 2012 [22] followed decades of increases in camel numbers in the Arabian peninsula. Similarly, the recent emergence of an indigenous HPAI H5N1 (distinct from the Asia one) in France [23] followed several years of increase in duck populations. Of course, intensification of animal production is usually paired with better bio-security and investment in animal health prevention and control.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensifying poultry production systems and the emergence of avian influenza in China: a ‘One Health/Ecohealth’ epitome

2017

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Several kinds of pressure can lead to the emergence of infectious diseases. In the case of zoonoses emerging from livestock, one of the most significant changes that has taken place since the mid twentieth century is what has been termed the “livestock revolution”, whereby the stock of food animals, their productivity and their trade has increased rapidly to feed rising and increasingly wealthy and urbanized populations. Further increases are projected in the future in low and middle-income countries. Using avian influenza as an example, we discuss how the emergence of avian influenza H5N1 and H7N9 in China was linked to rapid intensification of the poultry sector taking place in landscapes rich in wetland agriculture and wild waterfowls habitats, providing an extensive interface with the wild reservoir of avian influenza viruses. Trade networks and live-poultry markets further exacerbated the spread and persistence of avian influenza as well as human exposure. However, as the history of emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) demonstrates in high-income countries such as the USA, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom or the Netherlands, this is by no way specific to low and middle-income countries. Many HPAI emergence events took place in countries with generally good biosecurity standards, and the majority of these in regions hosting intensive poultry production systems. Emerging zoonoses are only one of a number of externalities of intensive livestock production systems, alongside antimicrobial consumption, disruption of nutrient cycles and greenhouse gases emissions, with direct or indirect impacts on human health. In parallel, livestock production is essential to nutrition and livelihoods in many low-income countries. Deindustrialization of the most intensive production systems in high-income countries and sustainable intensifications in low-income countries may converge to a situation where the nutritional and livelihood benefits of livestock production would be less overshadowed by its negative impacts on human an ecosystem health.

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Emerging highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza viruses in France during winter 2015/16: phylogenetic analyses and markers for zoonotic potential

Cited by 50 publications

References 21 publications

Serological surveillance reveals patterns of exposure to H5 and H7 influenza A viruses in European poultry

Serological surveillance reveals patterns of exposure to H5 and H7 influenza A viruses in European poultry

Influenza virus replication in macrophages: balancing protection and pathogenesis

Intensifying poultry production systems and the emergence of avian influenza in China: a ‘One Health/Ecohealth’ epitome

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